The association of incident CKD with hyperuricaemia was stronger than with other chronic kidney disease-risk factors, this association becoming more significant in the advanced stage of chronic kidney disease. Although this result does not indicate the cause and result relationship, the data suggest that hyperuricaemia might not be appropriately treated in this population.

Background The collection of weighed food records (WFR) is a gold standard for dietary assessment. We propose using the 24-h recall method combined with a portable camera and a food atlas (24hR-camera). This combination overcomes the disadvantages of the 24-h dietary recall method. Our study examined the validity of the 24hR-camera method against WFR by comparing the results. Methods Study subjects were 30 Japanese males, aged 31–58 years, who rarely cook and reside in the Tokyo metropolitan area. For validation, we compared the estimated food intake (24hR-camera method) and weighed food intake (WFR method). The 24hR-camera method uses digital photographs of all food consumed during a day, taken by the subjects, and a 24-h recall questionnaire conducted by a registered dietitian, who estimates food intake by comparing the participant’s photographs with food atlas photographs. The WFR method involves a registered dietitian weighing each food item prepared for the subject to consume and any leftovers. Food intake was calculated for each food group and nutrient using the 24hR-camera vs. weighed methods. Results Correlation coefficients between the estimated vs. weighed food intake were 0.7 or higher in most food groups but were low in food groups, such as oils, fats, condiments, and spices. The estimated intake of vegetables was significantly lower for the 24hR-camera method compared to the WFR method. For other food groups, the percentages of the mean difference between estimated vs. weighed food intake were -22.1% to 5.5%, with no significant differences between the methods (except for algae, which had a very low estimated intake). The correlation coefficients between the two methods were 0.774 for energy, and 0.855, 0.769, and 0.763 for the macronutrients, proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates, respectively, demonstrating high correlation coefficients: greater than 0.75. The correlation coefficients between the estimated vs. weighed for salt equivalents and potassium intake were 0.583 and 0.560, respectively, but no significant differences in intake were observed. Conclusions The 24hR-camera method satisfactorily estimated the intake of energy and macronutrients (except salt equivalents and potassium) in Japanese males and was confirmed as a useful method for dietary assessment.

Background The collection of weighed food records (WFR) is a gold standard for dietary assessment. However, what a person eats changes every day, and it is practically difficult to weigh foods and drinks daily and calculate their nutrient contents. The validity of 24-hour dietary recall with the use of a portable camera (24hR-camera) was examined by comparison with the WFR.Methods The study subjects were recruited from 30 male adults who were fathers of university students and cooked rarely. For the validation of the 24hR-camera, we compared it and the WFR. The digital photographs were taken by the subjects of all food consumed during a day and a 24-h recall questionnaire was conducted by a registered dietitian who was trained on the survey methodology. An estimate of the amount of food consumed was made using a food atlas and the photographs taken by the subjects. For validation, comparison was made between the calculations, by both methods, of the levels of food group and nutrient. Results Correlation coefficients between the two methods were 0.7 or higher in most food groups but were low in food groups that are difficult to see, such as oils, fats, condiments, and spices. The intake of vegetables was significantly lower for the 24hR-camera method compared to the WFR method. For other food groups, except for algae, of which intake amount (in weight base) is very low, the percentages of mean difference between 24hR-camera and WFR s were -22.1% to 5.5%, with no significant differences between the methods. The correlation coefficients between the two methods were 0.774 for energy, and 0.855, 0.769, and 0.763 for the three major nutrients, proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates, respectively, demonstrating high correlation with coefficients greater than 0.75. The correlation coefficients between the two methods were 0.583 and 0.560 for salt and potassium intake, respectively, but no significant differences in intake were observed. Conclusions The method of 24-hR-canera satisfactorily estimated the intake of energy and major nutrients (except salt and potassium) in Japanese males, and was confirmed as a useful method for dietary assessment.