Aims: The influence of lifestyle-related factors, including smoking and drinking, was evaluated for Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy with vonoprazan or proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). Methods: Between 2012 and 2016, the medical records of 620 patients receiving H. pylori eradication therapy at Saiseikai Karatsu Hospital were evaluated. Patients had received vonoprazan (20 mg) or PPIs with 200 mg clarithromycin and 750 mg amoxicillin twice daily for 7 days. The influence of lifestyle-related factors on eradication failure was determined in the 2 groups. Results: The eradication rates for vonoprazan and lansoprazole, rabeprazole, and esomeprazole were, respectively, 91.0, 73.8, 72.0, and 84.6%. The vonoprazan eradication rate was significantly higher than those for the PPIs (p < 0.01). Habitual smoking and drinking did not increase eradication failure, and smoking and drinking during the eradication period did not reduce the eradication rate. Metabolic syndrome-related factors including obesity, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus had no negative influence on the eradication rate. Eradication with vonoprazan was more effective compared with that achieved through the use of PPIs. Conclusion: Lifestyle-related factors including smoking and drinking did not exacerbate the H. pylori eradication failure, and vonoprazan was more effective than the PPIs.

Objective: Susceptibility of fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene polymorphisms to obesity has been reported in various populations. Polymorphisms in the melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) gene were recently explored as another susceptible locus. However, prognostic significance of these genetic variations has not been fully elucidated. Here, we investigated the involvement of FTO rs9939609 and MC4R rs17782313 polymorphisms in the development of obesity. Association with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was also investigated. Subjects: We analyzed 2806 community-dwelling middle-aged to elderly subjects (61±14 years). Clinical parameters were obtained from the subjects' personal health records, evaluated at their annual medical check-up. Results: FTO genotype was significantly associated with current body mass index (BMI; TT 23.2±3.2, TA 23.7±3.2, AA 24.4 ± 3.2 kg m À2 , P ¼ 2.5 Â 10 À6 ) and frequency of obesity (26.6, 32.0, 43.0% respectively, P ¼ 2.0 Â 10 À4 ). Age-and sexadjusted odds ratio for obesity was 1.30 (P ¼ 0.004) in TA and 2.07 (P ¼ 0.002) in AA genotype. During the 9.4 years comprising the follow-up period, 214 new cases of obesity were diagnosed among 1718 subjects whose retrospective data were available. A allele frequency of the FTO genotype was significantly higher in subjects who developed obesity (22.2, 15.8%, P ¼ 0.001), Age-, sex-and initial BMI-adjusted odds ratio for the development of obesity was 1.46 (95% confidence interval, 1.04-2.04) (P ¼ 0.031). However, association studies and meta-analysis of T2DM did not actively support the involvement of FTO genotype. No significant differences were observed between the MC4R genotype and BMI (P ¼ 0.015), and the frequency of obesity (P ¼ 0.284). Conclusion: FTO genotype is an independent risk factor for future development of obesity.

Background and Aim Barrett's esophagus and colorectal polyps have several overlapping risk factors. Whereas several reports in Western countries have indicated a close relationship between Barrett's esophagus and colorectal polyps, the relationship between these two diseases remains unclear in Japan. This study was performed to determine whether the prevalence of Barrett's esophagus is related to that of colorectal polyps in Japanese patients. Methods The present retrospective chart review included 1582 Japanese patients who underwent both total colonoscopy and esophagogastroduodenoscopy from January 2010 to December 2016. The data on colorectal polyps and Barrett's esophagus were obtained from the endoscopic findings. The medical record of each patient was checked for age, sex, body mass index, smoking, alcohol drinking, use of acid suppression agents, and comorbidities including a history of diabetes, ischemic heart disease, gastroesophageal reflux disease, hiatal hernia, and Helicobacter pylori infection. Results Colorectal polyps were detected in 789 of the 1582 patients (49.9%). Barrett's esophagus was detected in 233 patients (14.7%), and most cases of Barrett's esophagus (n = 229) were classified as short‐segment Barrett's esophagus. Colorectal polyps were more frequent in patients with than without Barrett's esophagus (odds ratio, 1.79; 95% confidence interval, 1.31–2.46; P < 0.001). In addition to Barrett's esophagus, the data indicated that old age, male sex, obesity, smoking, alcohol drinking, diabetes mellitus, and ischemic heart disease were independent risk factors for colorectal polyps. Conclusions The present study revealed the correlation between the prevalence of Barrett's esophagus and colorectal polyps in Japanese patients.

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