Abstract. This study investigated the metabolic demands of deep water running (DWR) compared with those of treadmill running (TMR) while the water and ambient temperatures were kept under thermoneutral condition. Two maximal tests, one on treadmill and the other running in deep water using the Wet Vest (Lincoln life jacket) were undertaken by twenty healthy non-smoker males (Age=28.0 -9.2 years). The order of trials was counterbalanced with half of the subjects completing the treadmill first and the rest completing the water • running first. Oxygen consumption (VO2), ventilation, heart rate (HR), respiratory exchange ratio (RQ), ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and blood lactate were • measured. VO2max (2.68 vs 3.40 ml/kg/min), HRmax (171.5 vs 190.8 beats/min), maximal minute ventilation (98.5 vs 113.3 l/min), and peak blood lactate value (10.44 vs 12.47 mmol/l) in response to DWR were significantly lower than those of TMR in the thermoneutral conditions.• The lower VO2max and HRmax values of DWR compared to those of TMR are shown to be attributed to the hydrostatic effects caused by water and different muscle recruitment patterns between DWR and TMR. (Appl Human Sci, 18 (2): 31-35, 1999) •

Abstract. In this study we investigated the effects of age factors on physiological responses to deep water running (DWR) compared with those of treadmill running (TMR) while the water and ambient temperatures were kept in thermoneutral conditions. Fourteen young healthy non-smoker males (Age = 20.4 -3.3 years, Height = 170.7 -6.2 cm, Weight = 65.1 -11.4 kg) and fourteen middle aged healthy non-smoker males (Age = 38.6 -4.4 years, Height = 171.8 -4.7 cm, Weight = 75.4 -9.6 kg) were selected for the study. Two maximal tests, one on the treadmill and the other running in deep water using the Wet Vest (Lincoln life jacket) were completed by each subject. The order of trial was counterbalanced with half of the subjects in each group completing TMR first and the rest of those completing DWR first. Although the young males had significantly (P<0.05) higher relative • VO2max, HRmax than the middle aged males, there were • no significant differences in absolute VO2max, respiratory • exchange ratio (RER), maximal ventilation (VEmax), ratings of perceived exhaustion (RPE), and peak blood lactate values between the two groups. In conclusion,• • the VO2max, HRmax, VEmax, and peak blood lactate value in response to DWR were significantly lower than those to TMR in both the young and the middle aged males in the thermoneutral conditions. However, there was no significant interaction between age and exercise modes other than RPE of legs at maximal efforts in the present study. We found that the decrease in the maximal physiological responses to DWR compared to TMR is not different between the young and middle aged males. (Appl Human Sci, 18 (3): 81-86, 1999) • •

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