This study examined the effects of muscular relaxation and postural training on external perception using a visual acuity test, a visual field test, and a hearing acuity test. Eighteen undergraduate students were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group underwent muscular relaxation and postural training. Each subject in this group was administered the tests before and after the training. Each subject in the control group carried out the tests before and after participating in a 30‐min conversation with the experimenter. On all three tests, the experimental group improved significantly more than the control group.

Abstract.[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to validate the characteristic of an exercise program consisting of simple exercise methods under the instruction of physiotherapists for general elderly people living in a community (general elderly group) and a frail elderly group.[Subjects] The general elderly group consisted of 44 persons (74.2 ± 4.38 years old: 6 men, 38 women) and the frail elderly group, 30 persons (80.6 ± 6.12 years old: 10 men, 20 women).[Methods] The measurement items were weight, body fat percentage, grip strength, knee extensor strength, sitting trunk flexion, one leg standing, functional reach test, timed "up and go" test, 10-m walking time, TMIG Index of Competence, MOS Short-Form 36-Item Health Survey, and the Life-Space Assessment. In each group, group and individual exercises were provided by physiotherapists. All the exercises were easy to perform.[Results] Knee extensor strength of the frail elderly group improved to almost the same level of the general elderly group. There were significant improvements in balance, gait ability, social and psychological attitudes in both groups.[Conclusion] We think that muscle strengthening exercises without exercise tools as resistance under the instruction of physiotherapists would be effective for improving the muscle strength of frail elderly persons.

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to validate the efficacy of group exercises for frail elderly people.[Subjects] We examined 41 persons, who needed support or care and were using day rehabilitation services.[Methods] Subjects were divided into two groups: one implemented individualized exercises after group exercises and the other implemented only individualized exercises. All the exercises were easy to perform, and individualized exercises were prescribed by a physiotherapist for each subject. We evaluated height, weight, body fat percentage, grip strength, knee extensor strength, sitting trunk flexion, one-leg stance, fanctional reach test (FRT), timed "up and go" test (TUG), 10-m walking time, TMIG, SF-36, and life-space assessment (LSA). [Results] In the group which implemented individualized exercises after group exercises, significant improvements of knee extensor strength and scores of SF-36 were observed.[Conclusion] The results suggest that group exercise before individualized exercises for frail elderly people were effective for vitality and motivation.

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