This study investigated the difference in pharyngeal spaces in orthodontic patients with or without setback surgery. The control group consisted of 28 patients who underwent orthodontic treatment alone and a study group consisting of 53 patients that had orthodontic treatment and sagittal split ramus osteotomy. The pharyngeal spaces were compared in both groups using cephalogram before and after treatment. During the initial visit, the middle and lower pharyngeal spaces were significantly larger in the study group than in the control group. However, there were no significant differences in any parameter used to measure the pharyngeal space between the two groups after surgery. The surgery contributed to the reduction in the size of the pharyngeal spaces. The pharyngeal space of patients who need setback surgery may be larger than orthodontic patients who do not need surgery.

ABSTRACT. In situ radiographic analysis of the maxillary canines of Macacafuscata was conducted on 88 specimens in 44 individuals (23 dry skulls and 21 live animals) in order to examine the number of roots. The left canines were then extracted from ten female skulls for measurement, further radiographic examination, and visual morphological observation. The results showed a clear sexual dimorphism in root morphology: all male canines were clearly distinguished as single-rooted from the radiograph, whereas more than 40070 of the female canines were double-rooted. Variation was also found among the single-rooted female canines, in that some of these teeth appeared to have a bifurcated canal. This sexual dimorphism in the number of maxillary canine roots and the individual variation found among the females in root and canal morphology are previously unreported for this species. No observations were attempted on mandibular canines, however, because of the incomplete nature of the sample.

Pulpal and radicular changes after subapical corticotomy in combination with posterior transfer of the maxilla were studied histopathologically using monkey jaws. When the surgical procedures were successful, the pulp tissues were kept alive, even though some slight atrophy and degeneration appeared. In some cases, however, severe reticular atrophy occurred which might be due to anaemia during operations.

No abstract

Clinical and statistical analyses were performed on 416 patients who underwent orthognathic surgery at Yoshikawa Orthodontic Clinic from January 2011 to