Some groups of microbes living in the fluid bag Nepenthes plants can provide an important role for the plant Nepenthes in maintaining viability. Some bacteria symbiosis with plant Nepenthes in obtaining nutrients for the necessities of life. The presence of bacteria in a medium can be influenced by various factors, as well as the bacteria present in the fluid sac. Nepenthes ampillaria is one kind of living in the few areas in West Sumatra. But there is no report which describes the condition of bacteria contained in the liquid. This study aims to determine the amount of bacteria found in some of the fluid sac N. ampullaria. N. ampularia sac fluid collected in the area Bukik creep Nature Reserve Harau Valley West Sumatra. Fluid bag obtained through direct surveys to creep Bukik forest. The isolation of the bacteria in the fluid bag made with a method spear plate. Observations carried out for each isolate colonies of bacteria that grow from each culture and the purification process. Based on the results of the isolation of bacteria in the fluid sac N. ampullaria obtained 36 isolates of bacteria were spread on a sac of fluid under different conditions. The number of bacteria contained in the fluid sac Nepenthes ampullaria plants are not much different for each bag. These results showed no significant difference in the number of isolates that although the fluid coming from the bag with different conditions.

Exploration of antibiotic-producing micro organisms continue to get good anti biotic-producing isolates. Many producers of anti biotic substances have been isolated, but a small portion of them are proven to be beneficial to both, especially in the health field. Some antibiotic-producing micro organisms found in places with diverse condition sone of which isa liquid Nepenthes spp. The fluidin the saccontaining plant Nepenthes chemical compounds, acidic and capable of digesting insects that go into the bag. This of course affects the fluid sacas a growing medium for bacteria. Some bacteria are capable of producing antibiotics to the specific need sof the bacteria to survive unfavorable conditions. Harau Valley Nature Reserveis one ofthe habitats where the growing Nepen the sin West Sumatra. However, no studies have discussed the presence of antibiotic-producing bacteria in the fluid sacin this area. Sampling sac fluid of Nepenthes spp., conducted by purposive sampling method. Antibiotic testing of bacterial isolates was conducted using paper disc. From the results of bacterial isolation was obtained 137 bacterial isolates were scattered in four different type sof fluid sac Nepenthes including N. ampullaria, N.gracilis, N.eustacya and N. albomarginata. Antibiotic testing ten isolates were isolated from the fluid sac Nepenthes spp., generally indicates the ability of antibiotic stoutest the bacteria E.coli and S. aureus. Isolates KS.4-3 havethe best antibiotic against E.coli with inhibition zone diameter of 29.5 mm and isolatees reached KS. 1-7 against the bacteria S.aureus with in hibition zone diameter of 26.3mm reach.

This study aims to produce instruments that can measure the level of students' higher order thinking skills that are valid and practical for students of class XI SMA. The developed instrument contains 40 multiple choice questions, and 10 essay questions consisting Taxonomy Levels C4, C5, and C6 with indicators of high-level thinking critical thinking, decision making, problem solving and creative thinking. This  research used the Research and Development (R&D) type of Tessmer's modified formative evaluation with the stages of self-evaluation, prototyping (expert review, one-to-one, and small group). The result of tis research indicates that the instrument for measuring higher order thinking skills in class XI Biology SMA students developed is categorized as very valid and very practical with the validity value of expert rivew very valid (89.9%), one-to-one is very valid (87, 5%)). And the practical value of teachers is very practical (91.33%), and students are very practical (87.15%).

This study aims to determine the level of bacteriological contamination and heavy metal lead (Pb) in langkitang (Faunus ater) meat. The sample were taken randomly as 15 samples from traders. Examination of microbial contamination in meat used a serial dilution method Most Probable Number (MPN) consisting of the presumptive test, confirmed test, and completed test. Measurement of Lead Heavy Metal (Pb) content used Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). The result of bacteriological testing of the MPN/ 100 ml sample showed that the tested Langkitang meat contained contaminating bacteria for each sample tested, and Lead metal was also detected, some of which had values that exceeded the threshold. Based on the results of the analysis, the langkitang meat has a microbial and lead metal contamination content that exceeds the health threshold so that it takes proper processing before the meat is consumed