A self-organized fringe pattern in a single amorphous mark of a GeTe thin film was formed by multiple femtosecond pulse amorphization. Micro Raman measurement indicates that the fringe is a periodic alternation between crystalline and amorphous phases. The period of the fringe is smaller than the irradiation wavelength and the direction is parallel to the polarization direction. Snapshot observation revealed that the fringe pattern manifests itself via a complex but coherent process, which is attributed to crystallization properties unique to a nonthermally amorphized phase and the distinct optical contrast between crystalline and amorphous phases.

This paper considers finite-level M/G/1-type Markov chains. We introduce the fundamental deviation matrix of the infinite-level M/G/1-type Markov chain, which is a solution of the Poisson equation that the deviation matrix satisfies. With the fundamental deviation matrix, we describe a difference formula for the respective stationary distributions of the finite-level chain and its infinite-level limit. From the difference formula, we derive a subgeometric convergence formula for the stationary distribution of the finite-level chain as its maximum level goes to infinity. Using the obtained formula, we show an asymptotic formula for the loss probability in the MAP/G/1/N + 1 queue.