Background. Breathing disease swelling of the lung tubes caused by viral infection is more and more likely to develop into related to the lung tubes breathing disease, especially repeating breathing loudly. Objective. To investigate the effect of modified Sang ju-Yin Decoction combined with Interferon (IFN)αlb nebulization on children with asthmatic bronchitis and the effects of IL-1β and β-defensin 2 (HBD2). Materials and Methods. The clinical data of 80 children with asthmatic bronchitis who were diagnosed and treated in our hospital from May 2019 to May 2021 were selected as the research objects and divided into the control group and the observation group with 40 cases in each group according to different treatment methods. Among them, the control group was nebulized with IFNαlb, and the observation group was given addition and subtraction of Sang ju-Yin Decoction based on the control group. The clinical symptoms, pulmonary function indexes, adverse reactions, and effects on serum inflammatory indexes were observed and compared between the two groups. Results. There was no significant difference in the scores of symptoms and signs between the two groups before treatment ( P > 0.05 ), while the scores of shortness of breath, cough, stridor, lung rales, and signs after treatment of observation group were better than those of the control group ( P < 0.05 ). There was no significant difference in serum inflammatory indexes and pulmonary function indexes between the two groups before treatment ( P > 0.05 ), while the differences in IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IL-1β, and HBD2 after treatment were significant between the two groups ( P < 0.05 ). After treatment, the RR, TV, and PEF indexes of the two groups of children were significantly improved ( P < 0.05 ). After treatment, the adverse reaction rate of liver function damage, dry throat discomfort, rash, nausea, and vomiting in the observation group was 7.5%, which was significantly lower than 27.5% in the control group ( P < 0.05 ). Conclusion. Modified Sang ju-Yin Decoction combined with IFNαlb nebulization can improve symptoms and promote the recovery of patients in the treatment of acute bronchitis.