a cereals germplasm Resources innovation laboratory, college of agriculture, national coarse cereals engineering Research center, heilongjiang Bayi agricultural university, Daqing, heilongjiang, pR china; b Bean crops laboratory, crop Resources institute of heilongjiang academy of agricultural Sciences, harbin, heilongjiang, pR china; c cereals germplasm Resources innovation laboratory, college of agriculture, national coarse cereals engineering Research center, Daqing, heilongjiang, pR china ABSTRACT Salt stress is an important factor restricting crop growth. Thus, genes related to plant responses to high salinity at the sprout stage of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) should be identified and characterized. In this study, on the basis of the common bean germination index, 0.4% NaCl and day 5 of the incubation period were selected as the optimal salt concentration and sampling time, respectively. Salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive plant materials suitable for the local region were selected as representative common bean materials with contrasting salt-related phenotypes. A total of 441 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by analyzing the generated RNA-seq data. The enriched Gene Ontology terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways indicated the DEGs were associated with oxidoreductase activities and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. Furthermore, the superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase activities and the lignin content, which are related to oxidoreductase activities and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, were revealed to be significantly associated with common bean salt tolerance. The six DEGs with salt tolerance-related Arabidopsis thaliana homologs may be important candidate genes mediating the salt stress responses of common bean during the sprout stage.

Abstract. aberrant methylation leads to epigenetic changes in human genes that may cause carcinogenesis. dna methyltransferase 1 (dnMT1) plays an important role in maintaining dna methylation patterns during genomic dna replication. To understand the role of this protein in pancreatic cancer cell growth and apoptosis, small interfering rna (sirna) oligonucleotides were used to knockdown dnMT1 expression in pancreatic cancer PaTu8988 cells. We found that the dnMT1 sirna markedly decreased dnMT1 expression and total dna methyltransferase activity in the cells. upon the inhibition of dnMT1 expression, the proliferation of the tumor cells was inhibited. Tumor cell growth was arrested in the S-phase of the cell cycle and cells underwent apoptosis. The expression of p21 was up-regulated and the ratio of Bax/ Bcl-2 expression was increased after dnMT1 knockdown in PaTu8988 cells. Furthermore, dnMT1 sirna caused demethylation of the tumor suppressor gene hMlH1, resulting in its re-expression in PaTu8988 cells. The results of this study suggest that dnMT1 sirna oligonucleotides are candidates for further evaluation as therapeutic tools for the clinical control of pancreatic cancer. Introductionepigenetic regulation of gene expression mediated through DNA cytosine methylation, histone modifications and chromatin remodeling plays a critical role in human cell homeostasis, including cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis (1,2). as is the case with alterations in gene coding (such as mutations and deletions), changes in methylation alter gene expression and lead to human tumorigenesis, particularly in the promoter regions of tumor suppressor genes (1,3). Thus, the alteration of gene promoter methylation may lead to novel strategies for the treatment of cancer. dna methyltransferases, including dnMT1, dnMT3a and dnMT3B, catalyze the transfer of methyl groups from S-adenosyl-l-methionine (ado-Met) to cytosine position 5; methylation in promoter regions silences gene expression. dnMT1 plays an important role in the maintenance of genomic dna methylation during dna replication, whereas dnMT3a and dnMT3B methylate de novo synthesized dna to regulate gene expression (4). dnMT1 preferentially acts on hemimethylated cpG substrates and is involved in the maintenance of specific DNA methylation patterns during DNA replication (5,6). a number of studies have demonstrated that the expression of DNMT1 is significantly elevated in cancers of the breast, colon, endometrium, prostate and stomach, as well as in uterine leiomyomata (7-12).The inhibition of dnMT1 expression results in the suppression of cell growth in various cancer cell lines in vitro and in vivo (13-18). The suppression of dnMT1 activity using selective inhibitors induces demethylation and re-expression of silenced tumor suppressor genes. dnMT1 has therefore been proposed as a target for anticancer therapy (19). However, recent studies showed that the targeted deletion of dnMT1 by homologous recombination was not sufficient to cause promoter demethylation and gene...

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This study is based on the early discovery that DCPTA has important regulation function to prevent mung bean flower and pod abscission, Spraying DCPTA at the initial flowering stage of mung bean has better effect than other commonly used plant growth regulators on reducing abscission of mung bean flowers and pods. It is further proved that it is an effective strategy to improve the yield of mung bean. Through the combination of pot experiment and field experiment, Spraying different plant growth regulators (PGRs) at the initial flowering stage of mung bean, study the effects of different plant growth regulators on agronomic traits, physiological and biochemical indexes and photosynthetic performance of mung bean, Lvfeng 2 and Lvfeng 5 mung bean varieties were used as materials, and spraying water at the initial flowering stage of mung bean was used as control. DCPTA and α-NAA were sprayed on the leaves. The morphological indexes of plant height were recorded, and determination of dry matter accumulation and photosynthetic indexes in different parts. The results showed that DCPTA could improve the plant height, main stem node number and leaf area of Lvfeng 5, and the fresh and dry weight of Lvfeng 5 could be significantly improved by DCPTA treatment. However, Taking "Lvfeng 2" as experimental material, the effect of different plant growth regulators on improving fresh and dry weight was not obvious. In terms of photosynthetic performance, each treatment of Lvfeng 5 can improve the photosynthetic performance related indicators, the comprehensive effect of DCPTA > α-NAA.