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In this paper Polyglycol (PG) was used as ‘soft’ template to induce the polymerization of aniline in aqueous ethanol and hence control both the nucleation and growth of polyaniline (PANI) nanofibers. The products were characterized by Transmission electro microscope (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. TEM photos showed that the diameter of PANI nanofibers synthesized in pure water is 100nm while that of PANI nanofibers synthesized in aqueous ethanol is 50nm. It revealed that the volume fraction of ethanol showed really important effect on the morphological parameters of the PANI nanofibers. The X-ray diffraction patterns of the PANI nanofibers showed high crystallinity. Moreover, the resulting PANI nanofibers exhibited an unusual electromagnetic loss at the microwave frequency (f = 8.2~12.4 GHz) . Compared with 1.79, the highest electrical loss, tanδe, of the microparticles PANI at 8.47 GHz and 0.72, the highest magnetic loss, tanδm at 10.93 GHz, it was noted that the highest electrical loss, tanδe, of PANI nanofibers reached 3.26 at 10.4 GHz, and the highest magnetic loss, tanδm, was 2.85 at 9.35 GHz. It might arise from order arrangement of polaron as charge carrier caused by nanofibers morphology and can be used for the potential application as microwave absorbing materials.

The homogeneous solutions of the governing differential equations for shear lag are used as the displacement patterns of the finite segment are presented. A finite segment model with consideration of initial curvature, bending, torsion and shear lag is established. In addition, the tests of the two-span continuous curved box girder and numerical calculations of the model tests by finite segment method and finite element method are made. The results of the model tests and numerical calculation are consistent with each other. An actual example was given to investigate the shear lag effect of a continuous curved box girder under load. The research results show that the initial curvature has an obvious influence on the shear lag effect of a continuous curved box girder.

The homogeneous solutions of the governing differential equations derived from energy variational method was used as the displacement patterns of finite segment. The stiffness and load matrix are obtained in terms of directed stiffness method and working energy principle. A one dimensional finite element method is presented to calculate the shear lag effects with multi-span continuous curved in engineering for general box girder. In addition, the tests of perspex modeled bridge and numerical calculation of the model tests by proposed method and finite element method are made. The results of model tests and numerical calculation verify perfectly in this paper.