With the ever-deeper understanding of nano-bio interactions and the development of fabrication methodologies of nanomaterials, various therapeutic platforms based on nanomaterials have been developed for next-generation oncological applications, such as osteosarcoma therapy. In this work, a black phosphorus (BP) reinforced 3D-printed scaffold is designed and prepared to provide a feasible countermeasure for the efficient localized treatment of osteosarcoma. The in situ phosphorus-driven, calcium-extracted biomineralization of the intra-scaffold BP nanosheets enables both photothermal ablation of osteosarcoma and the subsequent material-guided bone regeneration in physiological microenvironment, and in the meantime endows the scaffolds with unique physicochemical properties favoring the whole stepwise therapeutic process. Additionally, a corrugated structure analogous to Haversian canals is found on newborn cranial bone tissue of Sprague-Dawley rats, which may provide much inspiration for the future research of bone-tissue engineering.

The residual of malignant tumor cells and lack of bone‐tissue integration are the two critical concerns of bone‐tumor recurrence and surgical failure. In this work, the rational integration of 2D Ti3C2 MXene is reported with 3D‐printing bioactive glass (BG) scaffolds for achieving concurrent bone‐tumor killing by photonic hyperthermia and bone‐tissue regeneration by bioactive scaffolds. The designed composite scaffolds take the unique feature of high photothermal conversion of integrated 2D Ti3C2 MXene for inducing bone‐tumor ablation by near infrared‐triggered photothermal hyperthermia, which has achieved the complete tumor eradication on in vivo bone‐tumor xenografts. Importantly, the rational integration of 2D Ti3C2 MXene is demonstrated to efficiently accelerate the in vivo growth of newborn bone tissue of the composite BG scaffolds. The dual functionality of bone‐tumor killing and bone‐tissue regeneration makes these Ti3C2 MXene‐integrated composite scaffolds highly promising for the treatment of bone tumors, which also substantially broadens the biomedical applications of 2D MXenes in tissue engineering, especially on the treatment of bone tumors.

As the crucial powerhouse for cell metabolism and tissue survival, the mitochondrion frequently undergoes morphological or positional changes when responding to various stresses and energy demands. In addition to intracellular changes, mitochondria can also be transferred intercellularly. Besides restoring stressed cells and damaged tissues due to mitochondrial dysfunction, the intercellular mitochondrial transfer also occurs under physiological conditions. In this review, the phenomenon of mitochondrial transfer is described according to its function under both physiological and pathological conditions, including tissue homeostasis, damaged tissue repair, tumor progression, and immunoregulation. Then, the mechanisms that contribute to this process are summarized, such as the trigger factors and transfer routes. Furthermore, various perspectives are explored to better understand the mysteries of cell–cell mitochondrial trafficking. In addition, potential therapeutic strategies for mitochondria-targeted application to rescue tissue damage and degeneration, as well as the inhibition of tumor progression, are discussed.