Growing research interests have been directed to the emerging optical communication band at 2-µm wavelengths. The silicon photonic components are highly desired to operate over a broad bandwidth covering both C-band and the emerging 2-µm wave band. However, the dispersions of the silicon waveguides eventually limit the optical bandwidth of the silicon photonic devices. Here, we introduce a topology-optimized Y-junction with a shallow-etched trench and its utility to reverse the detrimental dispersion effect. The shallow trench enables the Y-junction to have an adaptive splitting capability over a broad spectral range. The 0.2-dB bandwidth of the power splitter exceeds 800 nm from 1400 nm to 2200 nm. The device has a compact footprint of 3 µm × 1.64 µm. The device is characterized at the C-band and 2-µm band with a measured excess loss below 0.4 dB for a proof-of-concept demonstration.

This study aimed to analyze the social-emotional behaviors of Chinese toddlers with cerebral palsy and to identify the risk factors associated with these behaviors. Methods: A total of 300 Chinese toddlers and their parents were recruited in this study. A Chinese version of the Infant-Toddler Social-Emotional Assessment was used to assess the children and basic information and clinical data were collected using an author-designed questionnaire. The patients were also assessed using a coping style questionnaire and the hospital anxiety and depression scale. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors. Results: The scores of the externalizing and competence domains for Chinese toddlers with cerebral palsy at different ages were lower compared to healthy children of the same age and gender (p<0.05). For the boys with cerebral palsy aged between 12-17 and 18-23 months, the scores of the internalizing and dysregulation domains were significantly lower compared to the national normal (p<0.01). The effect of perinatal factors on the externalizing and competence domains was more significant compared to other domains, whilst the coping style of the parents significantly affected the dysregulation domain (p=0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that the parental emotional state, education level, coping style and perinatal factors were closely associated with the social-emotional problems of children with cerebral palsy. Conclusion:Children with cerebral palsy are more likely to have behavioral, emotional, and psychiatric issues that are mostly ignored. These children may benefit from early screening and intervention for risk factors to improve rehabilitation and long-term prognosis.

For decades, countless psychoanalysts made an effort for the exploration of this special type of psychic disorder-borderline personality disorder (BPD). More importantly, one special form of treatment, Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) was found to be relatively effective in medicating this mental disease. By screening of sources retrieved from multiple databases, this review utilized and evaluated the findings of 12 studies for its clinical impact. Echoing the previous studies, DBT has shown an effectiveness in treating BPD. From mothers to female teenagers, different age groups among populations were put into considerations. Moreover, evidence is also indicating a better performance for DBT with the combination of Cognitive Therapy. Limitations include problems with sampling for each study, leading to a less generalized finding. Certain amount of individual bias could also be presented throughout this review. To conclude, BPD has shown its potential in treating BPD's symptomatology while more further research is needed in regard to limitations.

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