Nasal type natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (NNKTL) is a rare and aggressive subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma originating from a natural killer cell or γδ T cell infected by the Epstein-Barr virus. It usually invades the aerodigestive tract and can rapidly destroy the paranasal sinus, hard palate, and central nervous system. NNKTL is often mistaken for benign conditions such as chronic hypertrophic rhinosinusitis or mucosal inflammatory change, as endoscopic findings of NNKTL presenting nasal mucosal hypertrophy are similar to endoscopic findings for these abovementioned benign conditions. Here, the authors report the diagnosis and examination of NNKTL in a 58-year-old male patient who visited our clinic for nasal cavity discomfort after he underwent a dacryocystorhinostomy to treat dacryocystitis.

Primary sinusoidal non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) is a very rare disease. The main symptoms of sinusoidal NHL are rhinorrhea, nasal obstruction, and post-nasal drip. Symptoms such as eye protrusion, diplopia, trismus, and periorbital pain can also occur. Epiphora is a very rare symptom of sinusoidal NHL, which can lead to a misdiagnosis of dacryocystitis or dacryostenosis. The authors report the case of a 46-year-old female patient who visited hospital for symptoms of epiphora, which did not improve even after 3 months of eye treatment, leading to a final diagnosis of maxillary NHL.

Branchio-otic (BO)-syndrome is a relatively uncommon genetic disease, and is characterized by branchial fistulae, congenital preauricular fistulae, and anomalies of the pinnae, external, middle, and inner ears, accompanied by hearing loss. The phenotype varies, so that degree of hearing loss and the type of branchial fistulae vary depending on the patient. Branchial cleft anomaly is common feature of BO syndrome (63%), and most of them are 2nd branchial cleft anomaly. There have been no reports of BO syndrome with 3rd or 4th branchial cleft anomaly published in literature. We report a case of bilateral 3rd branchial cleft anomaly in a 22 year-old male patient with BO syndrome, who treated with chemical and electrocauterization therapy, with a review of literatures.

Background and ObjectivesThe latency of auditory brainstem response (ABR) wave V shifts depending on age, hearing threshold, and stimulus intensity. This study was performed to examine the latencies of ABR wave V in infants with normal hearing and sensorineural hearing loss. Subjects and MethodThe retrospective review of ABR of 318 infants (539 ears) was performed. The patients were divided into four groups according to age at the time of the ABR test (group A: 0-2 months, group B: 3-5 months, group C: 6-8 months, and group D: 9-11 months). The test was performed using click sound under sedation, with the stimulus intensity adjusted by 10 dB intervals. The latency of wave V was analyzed according to age, hearing threshold, and stimulus intensity. Results Normal hearing was detected in 320 ears (wave V threshold of 20 dBnHL or less) and sensorineural hearing loss was found in 219 ears. Wave V latencies decreased with increase in age and stimulus intensity in both normal hearing infants and hearing-impaired infants. The ears with higher thresholds showed longer latencies at the same stimulus intensity. The normative data of wave V latency of infants with varying hearing thresholds according to age and stimulus intensity could be determined. Conclusion The present study examined the latencies of ABR wave V of hearing-impaired and normal hearing infants according to age and stimulus intensity. The data will help audiologists to evaluate the hearing of infants who are referred for ABR test.

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