This study was conducted to reset the transplanting period to produce high-quality rice in the South regions due to the rise in air temperature caused by global warming. From May 15 to June 25, transplants were performed five times every ten days. Quantity and quality were comprehensively reviewed, including watering season, ripened grain rate, head rice rate, head rice yield, protein content, and palatability. In the southern plains, medium-late and medium maturing cultivars yielded the most when transplanted on June 15, while early maturing cultivars yielded the most when transplanted on June 25. Considering the quality and quantity of rice, the optimal transplanting window for medium-late maturing cultivars is June 10-15, for medium maturing cultivars it is June 15-20, and for early maturing cultivars it is June 25. In the middle of the southern region, the highest yield was on June 25 for medium-late maturing and June 15 for medium maturing and early maturing. However, considering the quality, the best time for transplanting is June 10 for medium-late maturing, June 5 for medium maturing, and June 15 for early maturing. As a result of the rise in average temperature, the transplantation period was delayed by at least 4 to 16 days in all varieties and regions relative to the traditional transplantation duration. In summary, it is determined that a suitable transplanting period must be established in response to the increase in average temperature to ensure the production of high-quality rice.

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The forecasted growth of edible insect production will generate high quantities of manure. Agricultural application of Tenebrio molitor frass (TMF) may improve soil fertility and increases crop production. This study was conducted to determine an optimum application rate of TMF for ginseng sprout growth in commercial potting soil. Ginseng was seeded in commercial potting soil (control), TMF 3% + perlite 30% + cocopeat 67% (TMF 3%), TMF 5% + perlite 30% + cocopeat 65% (TMF 5%), and TMF 10% + perlite 30% + cocopeat 60% (TMF 10%). The results showed that the germination rate of ginseng in the TMF 3% treatment was significantly higher than those in the other treatments. In addition, plant height, leaf length, leaf width, root length, and root weight of ginseng sprout showed significantly higher in TMF 3% treatment, leading to a lower SPAD value due to nitrogen dilution compared to those of control and TMF 5%. Our findings suggest that application of TMF at 3% is suitable for production of ginseng sprout in commercial potting soil.