Many cities are facing various water-related challenges caused by rapid urbanization and climate change. Moreover, a megacity may pose a greater risk due to its scale and complexity for coping with impending challenges. Infrastructure and governance also differ by the level of development of a city which indicates that the analysis of Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) and water governance are site-specific. We examined the status of IWRM of Seoul by using the City Blueprint®Approach which consists of three different frameworks: (1) Trends and Pressures Framework (TPF), (2) City Blueprint Framework (CBF) and (3) the water Governance Capacity Framework (GCF). The TPF summarizes the main social, environmental and financial pressures that may impede water management. The CBF assesses IWRM of the urban water cycle. Finally, the GCF identifies key barriers and opportunities to develop governance capacity. The results indicate that nutrient recovery from wastewater, stormwater separation, and operation cost recovery of water and sanitation services are priority areas for Seoul. Furthermore, the local sense of urgency, behavioral internalization, consumer willingness to pay, and financial continuation are identified as barriers limiting Seoul's governance capacity. We also examined and compared the results with other mega-cities, to learn from their experiences and plans to cope with the challenges in large cities.

Industrial control systems (ICSs) are more vulnerable to cyber threats owing to their network connectivity. The intrusion detection system (IDS) has been deployed to detect sophisticated cyber-attack but the existing IDS uses the packet header information for traffic flow detection. IDS is inefficient to detect packet deformation; therefore, we propose the adoption of packet payload in IDS to respond to a variety of attacks and high performance. Our proposed model detects packet modification and traffic flow by inspecting each packet and sequence of packets. For evaluation, cross verification is conducted to increase the reliability of the statistics.

Device-to-device communications are considered as a key feature to enhance the performance of the fifth generation (5G) wireless networks. Several radio access technologies such as LTE Direct, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and ZigBee are expected to provide the opportunity of D2D communications. Therefore, it is possible to choose any of them autonomously to establish a D2D link. The primary focus of this work is to investigate the radio interface selection, where end users select an interface opportunistically among different available radio interfaces to establish outband D2D connectivity against interference. We model a non-cooperative game to select a radio interface for D2D users to minimize their communication cost. We have investigated Nash equilibrium in the game and argue that without any cooperation users can achieve a balanced strategy. In our model, each pair selects a radio interface based on a utility function that associates communication performance and cost. Finally, we propose three heuristic algorithms: Social, Greedy, and Local, that achieve Nash equilibrium with different information. Event-driven simulation experiments are then conducted to evaluate the utility and cost of the equilibrium strategy. Our results confirm that the proposed schemes can increase the utility, lower the cost, and lead to higher efficiency in terms of achievable throughput per consumed energy. INDEX TERMS D2D communications, game theory, multiple radio interfaces, Nash equilibrium. I. INTRODUCTION Wireless communications have boosted the opportunity for smart devices with a number of standards and technologies. Smart devices are now the most important computing and communication platform. In previous years wireless connectivity was only possible with a single operator/ technology. However, these days smart devices are capable of multiple wireless opportunities. These end users are often equipped with multiple radio interfaces (i.e., 3G/LTE, Bluetooth, Zigbee, and Wi-Fi), which complements their cellular communication capabilities. According to a recent market research report, 70% of the mobile phones have Bluetooth interface, while 80% are enabled WiFi [1]. The proliferation of smart devices and exponential demand of bandwidth have created spacious performance requirement on the future wireless networks [2]. Device-to-device communication (D2D) [3] is considered one of the major technology to enhance the boosting demand [4] of users. Motivated by the performance gain, many telecommunication The associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Fang Yang.

Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a common cause of respiratory tract infections. M. pneumoniae infection frequently manifests with extrapulmonary symptoms such as central nervous system complications, skin or mucosal involvement, and gastrointestinal problems. However, cardiac complications associated with M. pneumoniae are rarely reported. We report the case of a 47-month-old girl who died of fulminant myocarditis associated with M. pneumoniae pneumonia. (Korean J Pediatr Infect Dis 2009;16:92-96)

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