Like all federal systems, Nigeria has had its own fair share of insurgencies which ranged from conflict amongst ethnic nationalities to even religious terrorism. Of course, states have no option than to ensure and assure its citizens safety and security any way and anyhow they can guarantee it. Reprisal attacks on terrorists is a mere bandage method, basically because the wound has already been inflicted, but also since ensuring security is also target hardening, and has little effect on the success or failure of a terrorist attack. Security can only minimise casualties, not prevent attacks, especially those delivered by the terrorist suicide bombers. This paper uses secondary data as a source of information and presents the results of their content analysis to explain Nigeria efforts to protect the citizens. It argues that terrorism is a violent form of insurgency that must be retorted accordingly and any policy response that does not take this into consideration is not only naïve, but also utopian. The paper, then, recommends solutions adapted to particular circumstances. While it supports negotiation with Niger-Delta militants, it objects negotiation with Boko Haram, because these groups are pursuing totally different agendas.

This study has been motivated by the diverse and stimulating dimension of urban life, most especially by the unending flair for social festivities, popularly known as Owanbe. While giving its attention to Lagos City in Nigeria, this study strove to contribute to the existing discourse on urban life and its realities. It documents the pattern and dimension of social festivities, the socio-demographic characteristics of the conveners/organizers, the ideological motives behind the unending spate of lavish ceremonies, the factors sustaining these ceremonies, the sources of financing the ceremonies in the face of prevailing precarious economic condition, as well as the developmental implications and the emerging manifestations of these ceremonies. As a participatory research that took place in 5 randomly sampled Local Government Areas in Lagos State between March 2020 and January 2021, the study sourced data using the In-Depth Interview (IDI), Key Informant Interview (KII), and Focus Group Discussions (FGD). The participants were the stakeholders and opinion leaders within the study areas. The collected data were content analyzed and reported with humanistic approach. The study has discovered that urban dynamics created inequalities and harsh economic conditions. The reality of the inevitability of this situation gave prominence to unconventional leisure and recreation events called Owanbe gatherings. The pattern and dimension of such festivities ranged from birthdays, child naming, burial rites, to chieftaincy ceremonies, and so on. The study concludes that ostentatious spending involved in Owanbe ceremonies encourages disinvestment through the diversion of funds that would have stimulated sustainable economic growth.nr 1/2022 (53) Urban realities and politics of Owanbe in Nigeria

Regardless of the reasons for making begging a vocation, the beggars were noted as constituting a significant population in most cities of Nigeria. They are consistently becoming an interesting phenomenon in every academic discourse. This study, as a modest complement to existing academic efforts, examined the development and public health implications of street begging. It is qualitative in nature, hence the adoption of in-depth and key informant interviews as well as non-participant observation data collection approach. It covered six purposively selected areas with appreciable numbers of beggars in Abuja Federal Capital Territory (FCT). The investigated population from these settlements comprised 30 beggars, 16 staff of Ministries of Women Affairs and Social Development, Ministry of Health, 2 journalists, and 7 residents of the areas where beggars' joints were located. The data collected was treated with content analysis. The results showed that some of the beggars have been in the act for more than 3 decades. They viewed begging as a legitimate occupation rather than a nuisance to the society. Relative deprivation led some people to adopt street begging as a means of making a livelihood. Recurring business failure influenced the incursion into begging as a means of survival. The development and public health implications of street begging come in the form of environmental nuisance and health hazards, poor image of human development index in the country to the outsiders. With incessant increase in their population, consistent reduction of the percentage of productive forces becomes the order of the day. This consequently implies a breakdown in social welfare system and vulnerable socio-environmental system where unsustainability thrives.

<div><p class="Els-history-head">There is a growing recognition of the importance of health security to economic development globally. ‘Health security’ as a phenomenon continues to receive the attention of academics and policymakers in the course of ensuring a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being for all.  Nigeria’s health policy equally gives a premium to this.  The aim of this study, hinging on archival and qualitative research design, is to explore health security in Nigeria vis-à-vis the constraining social and environmental vulnerabilities.  The discourse took into account unfolding social challenges and various environmental problems coupled with the high level of poverty. This article indicates that social and environmental uncertainties interact with many parts of the health care system in a variety of ways. This hurts health security in Nigeria as a result of poor infrastructure development, insufficient government financing, the lack of an integrated system for disease prevention and monitoring, frequent policy reversals, security issues, and unimpressive health indicators. Because of this and considering the state of the Nigerian health care that is worsening on a global standard, it is obvious that health security is yet to have a strong footing.  For health security to have a meaningful impact on people's wellbeing, appropriate health services should be made accessible to those who need them.</p></div>