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The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship among the mother's knowledge of infant development, mother's parenting stress, maternal parenting behavior and infant development. Participations in this study included 2078 infants(1056 boys, 1022 girls) and their mother. The major results of this study were as follows: First mother's knowledge of infants showed positive effects on maternal parenting behaviors, and mother's parenting stress showed negative effects on maternal parenting behaviors. Second, maternal parenting behaviors and mother's knowledge of infants showed positive effect on infant development. But maternal parenting stress didn't show direct effect on infant development. In conclusion, maternal parenting behaviors partially mediated between mother's knowledge of infants and infant development, and fully mediated between mother's parenting stress and infant development.

The purposes of this study was to investigate the relationship and interaction between infant temperament, development, mother's parenting stress and social support on mother's self-efficacy. Participants in this study included 1610 infants (825 boys, 785 girls) and their mothers. The major findings of this study were as follows: First, infant temperament demonstrated a direct relationship to mother's self-efficacy. Lower levels of infant temperament indicated lower levels of self-efficacy, and higher levels of infant temperament indicated higher levels of self-efficacy. Second, infant development demonstrated a direct relationship to mother's self-efficacy. Greater communicative and social interaction between mother and child demonstrated a higher level of maternal self-efficacy. Third, mothers' parenting stress demonstrated a direct relationship to mother's self-efficacy. Higher levels of parenting stress demonstrated lower levels of maternal self-efficacy. Forth, Social support demonstrated a direct relationship to mother's self-efficacy. Greater levels of social support demonstrated lower level of maternal self-efficacy. Fifth, the greatest single relationship effecting mother's self-efficacy was mother's parenting stress. This research suggests the need for development of diverse social policies and programs to help mothers reduce maternal parenting stress and support the development of positive parenting skills with the goal of boosting mother's self-efficacy.

This study examined the effect of social support on infant mother's parenting behavior and mediating effects of parenting stress and depression between social support and maternal parenting behavior. Participants were 2078 mothers of infant (4-10 month) in Korea. Data were analyzed by Structural Equation Model. Major findings were as follows: First, social support showed direct effect on maternal parenting behavior. That was the more mother receive social support, mother show responsive and warmer parenting behavior on infant.Second, maternal parenting stress mediated the effect of social support on maternal parenting behavior. That was the more mother receive social support, the less mother experience parenting stress, which in turn contribute to responsive and warm parenting behavior.Third, Maternal depression didn't mediate the effect of social support on maternal parenting behavior. However, social support and maternal parenting stress showed direct effects on maternal depression. This research suggest the needs for development of diverse social support policies and program to help mothers reduce maternal parenting stress and depression. ▲주요어(Key

Objectives: This study examined the influences of marital conflict on preschoolers' problem behaviors and investigated whether preschoolers' effortful control had a moderating effect in this relationship. Methods: The participants were 232 preschoolers (118 boys, 114 girls aged 3-5) from 10 daycare centers in D city. The level of marital conflict among parents was assessed based on the ideas posited by Markman, Stanley and Blumberg (1994). Preschoolers' effortful was assessed with the Children's Behavior Questionnaire very short form (Putnam & Rothbart, 2006) and their problem behaviors with the Korean version of the Child Behavior Checklist for Ages 1.5-5 (Y. A. Kim, Lee, Moon, Kim, & Oh, 2009). The statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation, and multiple regression. The moderating effect of effortful control was analyzed using the procedure proposed by Hayes (2013). Results: The results indicated that the level of marital conflict increases the level of external and internal problem behaviors in boys. In addition, effortful control moderated the influence of marital conflict on external and internal problem behaviors in boys. In girls, effortful control moderated the influence of marital conflict on internal problem behaviors. Conclusion: Among preschool boys with middle or low levels of effortful control, marital conflict had an effect on problem behaviors. With regard to girls, marital conflict had an effect on internal problem behaviors with lower levels of effortful control.