Novel nanoparticle organic hybrid materials (NOHMs), which are comprised of organic oligomers or polymers tethered to an inorganic nanosized cores of various sizes, have been synthesized, and their solvating property for CO 2 was investigated using attenuated total reflectance (ATR) Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Simultaneous measurements of CO 2 capture capacity and swelling behaviors of polyetheramine (Jeffamine M-2070) and its corresponding NOHMs (NOHM-I-PE2070) were reported at temperatures of (298, 308, 323 and 353) K and CO 2 pressure conditions ranging from (0 to 5.5) MPa. The polymeric canopy, or polymer bound to the nanoparticle surface, showed significantly less swelling behavior with enhanced or comparable CO 2 capture capacity compared to pure unbound polyetheramine.

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Myostracum, which is connected from the umbo to the edge of a scar, is not a single layer composed of prismatic layers, but a hierarchically complex multilayered shape composed of minerals and an organic matrix. Through the analysis of the secondary structure, the results revealed that a β-antiparallel structure was predominant in the mineral phase interface between the myostracum (aragonite) and bottom folia (calcite). After the complete decalcification and deproteinization, the membrane obtained from the interface between the myostracum buried in upper folia, and the bottom folia was identified as chitin. The transitional zone in the interface between the adductor muscle scar and folia are verified. The myostracum disappeared at the edge of the scar of the posterior side. From this study, the entire structure of the myostracum from the adult oyster shell of Crassostrea gigas could be proposed.

A CaF2:Er3+ single crystal was grown by the Tammann–Stober method. The potential of this material as a laser crystal for 1530 nm emission was established by quantitative analysis of the optical absorption and emission spectra. Assuming the tetragonal symmetry of the Er3+ sites, the Bkq crystal field parameters, Racah parameters, spin–orbit interaction parameters, and configuration interaction parameters were derived by fitting the experimental absorption band positions with the model energy Hamiltonian. Judd–Ofelt parametrization was done to compute the radiative decay time and fluorescence branching ratio of various meta stable transitions. Using the measured fluorescence decay time and computed radiative decay time, 100% quantum efficiency is obtained for the 1530 nm band, which is reasonable due to the low multiphonon relaxation, and absence of nonradiative energy transfer processes at the 0.01 at.% Er3+ concentration. The narrow bandwidth (13 nm) and high stimulated emission cross section (3.2×10−20 cm2) support the suitability of CaF2:Er3+ for use in high gain optical amplifiers.

To crystallize ammonium sulfate (AS) of a coarse fraction of 1 to 3 mm size, a semibatch evaporative crystallization mode was applied. The crystal size was controlled by supersaturation. The induction time and supersaturation were analyzed in seeded and unseeded semibatch crystallizations. The interfacial tension was obtained by nucleation experiments. Experimental results indicated that supersaturation was strongly dependent on the metastability of the system and had a strong influence on the crystal growth. This result will contribute to a better understanding of the control of the particle size of AS by supersaturation. Coarse AS crystals can be obtained at supersaturation of 0.02−0.06 in seeded semibatch evaporation crystallization.