This study compared the Aphelinus varipes and Aphelinus asychis in terms of how they parasitized the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii and green peach aphid, Myzus persicae. Host-feeding, parasitism, emergence, the proportion of females and development time were all studied at 15, 20, 25 and 30℃ in controlled climate cabinets. When A. gossypii were provided for the two aphid parasitoids, the number of aphids killed by host-feeding for A. varipes (5.4 and 9.7 aphids) at 15℃ and 25℃ was higher than those for A. asychis (2.0 and 2.9 aphids). At 15℃ and 30℃, the parasitized A. gossypii were higher in A. varipes (11.1 and 21 aphids) than in A. asychis (7 and 12.3 aphids). The emergence rate was also significantly different between A. varipes (83.3%) and A. asychis (69.4%). The proportion of females was higher for A. asychis (75.2 and 73.9%) than for A. varipes (19.5 and 48.6%) at 15℃ and 30℃, respectively. No significant differences were found in development time between the two parasitoids. When M. persicae were provided for the two parasitoid species, the host-feeding number and the emergence rate of two parasitoids were not different at all four temperatures. The M. persicae were more highly parasitized by A. varipes (12.1 and 17.1 aphids) than by A. asychis (6.1, 10 aphids) at 20 and 25℃. The proportion of females for A. varipes (65.3 and 90.0%) was higher than that for A. asychis (34.4 and 78.8%) at 15℃ and 25℃. The development time from oviposition to the adult emergence of A. varipes (19.9 d) was significantly longer than that of A. asychis (16.5 d) at 20℃. Development times decreased with increasing temperature for both in two parasitoid species.

This study was performed to investigate the biological characteristics of the brown lacewing Micromus angulatus (Stephens) at four different temperatures (15, 20, 25, and 30℃) and 70 ± 10% relative humidity under a photoperiodic regime of 16: 8(L:D) h. The developmental threshold and effective accumulative temperature from egg to pupa for M. angulatus were 9.6℃ and 270.3 day-degrees, respectively. The developmental period of egg, larva, and pupa at 25℃ was 4.4, 5.5, and 6.9 days. respectively. The longevity of an adult female M. angulatus was 34.9 days. The oviposition period for M. angulatus was 28.7 days, in which it laid a total number of 515.2 eggs during its life span. The maximum number of eggs laid by a female in a day was 54.8. Daily consumption by M. angulatus at 25℃was 18.9 1 st instars, 47.2 2 nd instars, 57.7 3 rd instars, and 91.0 adults of the glasshouse potato aphid, Aulacorthum solani. Therefore, M. angulatus could be a promising biological control agent against aphids.

The effect of natural enemies on four major pests of hot pepper was tested in greenhouses. The aphids were successfully controlled by introducing three Aphidius colemani-banker plants, and releasing 23.3 wasps per m 2 on April 16 and 23 wasps per m 2 in a greenhouse of 660 m 2. To control thrips, Orius laevigatus was released twice, 3.0 bugs per m 2 at a time(May 11 th and June 12 th). The thrips population was controlled within 0.3 thrips per flower during the growing season. To control two species of mites, Tetranychus kanzawai and Polyphagotarsonemus latus, and the silverleaf whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, a total of 113.7 individuals of Amblyseius swirskii were released twice(May 11 th and 30 th). The densities of B. tabaci and T. kanzawai were kept within 171.0 individuals/trap and 0.8 individual/leaf, respectively. P. latus was suppressed completely twelve days after release. The cost of the released natural enemies to control the four arthropod pests in this study was 420,000 Won per 660 m 2 .

Biological-control-based-integrated-pest-management of major pests occurring on sweet pepper in greenhouse during summer season was tried. As many as 2.1 Orius laevigatus per m 2 were released in two times on June 6 and 19, and the population of thrips was kept under control and accordingly the damage was negligible throughout the season. To control aphids, a total of 0.8 Aphidius colemani per m 2 were released in four times, 0.2 of them at a time, flonicamid on May 14 and July 18 and pymetrozine on June 14 and September 4 were sprayed on the spots of high aphid occurrence to reduce the release of the wasp, and the density of aphids was kept under control. Whitefly was controlled successfully by releasing a total of 343.4 Amblyseius swirski per m 2 in nine times, 38.1 of them at a time, from May 9 until November 12 and dinotefuran was sprayed on November 12 when the density of whitefly increased up to 200 per trap. Tetranichus kanzawai was controlled by both Phytoseiulus persimilis which was released a total of 44.4 per m 2 in five times 8.9 of them at a time from May 23 to September 10, and the A. swirski which was released for the control of whitefly. KEY WORDS : Sweet pepper, Biological control based IPM, Major pests, Summer season culture 초 록 : 여름작기 파프리카의 주요해충에 대한 생물적방제 기반 종합적관리를 시도하였다. 총채벌레류 방제를 위해서 m 2 당 총 2.1마리의 미끌애꽃노린재(Orius laevigatus)를 6월 6일과 19일 두 번 방사하여 작기 동안 피해가 없었다. 진딧물 방제를 위해서는 m 2 당 총 0.8마리의 콜레마니진디벌(Aphidius colemani) 을 4회에 걸쳐 방사하고, 진딧물 밀도가 높은 지점에 국부적으로 플로니카미드와 피메트로진을 5월 14일과 7월 18일, 6월 14일과 9월 4일에 각각 2회씩 살포하여 콜레마니진디벌 사용량을 줄었다. 담배가루이 (Bemisia tabaci)에 대해서는 지중해이리응애(Amblyseius swirskii)를 5월 9일부터 한번에 m 2 당 38.1마리씩 9회에 걸쳐 총 343.4마리를 방사하였으며, 담배가루이 밀도가 트랩 당 200마리에 달했던 11월12일에 천적으로 방제가 어려워 디노테푸란을 1회 살포하여 방제하였다. 차응애(Tetranichus kanzawai)는 칠레이 리응애(Phytoseiulus persimilis)를 5월 23일부터 9월 10일까지 5회에 걸쳐 한 번에 m 2 당 8.9마리씩 총 44.4마리를 방사하였으며, 담배가루이 천적인 지중해이리응애가 차응애의 알과 약충을 포식함으로서 두 종의 천적에 의한 차응애 밀도가 억제되었다.

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