This study evaluated the effects of age (20s and 60s), viewing distance (50 cm, 200 cm), display type (paper, monitor), font type (Gothic, Ming), colour contrast (black letters on white background, white letters on black background) and number of syllables (one, two) on the legibility of Korean characters by using the four legibility measures (minimum letter size for 100% correctness, maximum letter size for 0% correctness, minimum letter size for the least discomfort and maximum letter size for the most discomfort). Ten subjects in each age group read the four letters presented on a slide (letter size varied from 80 pt to 2 pt). Subjects also subjectively rated the reading discomfort of the letters on a 4-point scale (1 = no discomfort, 4 = most discomfort). According to the ANOVA procedure, age, viewing distance and font type significantly affected the four dependent variables (p < 0.05), while the main effect of colour contrast was not statistically significant for any measures. Two-syllable letters had smaller letters than one-syllable letters in the two correctness measures. The younger group could see letter sizes two times smaller than the old group could and the viewing distance of 50 cm showed letters about three times smaller than those at a 200 cm viewing distance. The Gothic fonts were smaller than the Ming fonts. Monitors were smaller than paper for correctness and maximum letter size for the most discomfort. From a comparison of the results for correctness and discomfort, people generally preferred larger letter sizes to those that they could read. The findings of this study may provide basic information for setting a global standard of letter size or font type to improve the legibility of characters written in Korean. STATEMENT OF RELEVANCE: Results obtained in this study will provide basic information and guidelines for setting standards of letter size and font type to improve the legibility of characters written in Korean. Also, the results might offer useful information for people who are working on design of visual displays.

Transient electronics, a form of electronic devices that disappear physically after a certain operation time, have attracted considerable interest in the area of bioelectronics. Due to their biodegradability and biocompatibility, bioderived materials have been applied to various kinds of transient electronics. This work presents fully degradable memristors and humidity sensors based on a tyrosine-rich peptide. The memristors exhibit a high on/off ratio (>106), stable endurance (∼104 s), and analog switching behavior. The humidity sensors show high sensitivity, in which the current changes by 3 orders of magnitude in the relative humidity range of 10–90%. By means of a rapid response and recovery time, the sensors can be used to monitor human respiration in real time. These devices are rapidly dissolvable under physiological conditions within 1 min. These results open up the field of biocompatible multifunctional nanoelectronics toward the development of bio-implantable processors and sensors.

A LiNiO2 cathode material with a layered structure and a high capacity was synthesized by co-precipitation with Taylor−Couette flow. Taylor−Couette flow is caused by the rotation of an inner cylinder in a device consisting of two concentric shaft cylinders. A regular donut-shaped vortex is developed above a certain rotational speed of the inner cylinder. Ni(OH)2 precursors synthesized by co-precipitation with the Taylor–Couette flow were sintered at 600 °C, 650 °C, 700 °C, and 750 °C. The LiNiO2 cathode material synthesized at 700 °C exhibited the highest discharge capacity of 233 mAh g−1. It was confirmed that the cyclability and rate performance of the LiNiO2 cathode material improved at other sintering temperatures.

We propose a vacuum-free solution-based metallization technique for AOSs, using TMA solution.

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