Strong and high purity O− negative ion emission has been observed from a synthesized crystal 12CaO⋅7Al2O3 surface. A μA/cm2-level O− emission from this material has been achieved at the surface temperature of 800 °C and the extraction field over 1000 V/cm, which is about three orders of magnitude higher than the current density emitted from the Y2O3-stabilized ZrO2 electrolyte surface. The strong emissivity of this material, as well as easy and economical fabrication, may provide a useful tool to generate the O− negative ion, which is expected to be one of the most important radicals for chemical syntheses and material modifications.

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A novel approach to the direct synthesis of phenol from benzene was obtained with high benzene conversion (30%) and phenol selectivity (approximately 90%) by using a microporous material [Ca24Al28O64]4+.4O-(C12A7-O-) as catalyst with oxygen and water; active O- and OH- anions are proposed to play important roles in the formation of phenol by hydroxylating the aromatic ring of benzene.

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