<span>As a result of technological advances in robotic systems, electronic sensors, and communication techniques, the production of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) systems has become possible. Their easy installation and flexibility led these UAV systems to be used widely in both military and civilian applications. Note that the capability of one UAV is however limited. Nowadays, a multi-UAV system is of special interest due to the ability of its associate UAV members either to coordinate simultaneous coverage of large areas or to cooperate to achieve common goals/targets. This kind of cooperation/coordination requires a reliable communication network with a proper network model to ensure the exchange of both control and data packets among UAVs. Such network models should provide all-time connectivity to avoid dangerous failures or unintended consequences. Thus, the multi-UAV system relies on communication to operate. Flying ad hoc network (FANET) is moreover considered as a sophisticated type of wireless ad hoc network among UAVs which solved the communication problems into other network models. Along with the FANET’s unique features, challenges and open issues are also discussed especially in the routing protocols approach. We will try to present the expected transmission account metric with a new algorithm for reliability. In addition to this new algorithm mechanism, the metric takes into account the relative speed between UAVs, and thus the increase of the fluctuations in links between UAVs has been detected. Accordingly, the results show that the function of the AODV routing protocol with this metric becomes effective in high mobility environments.</span>

Over the past decade, the concept of smart cities has become very popular thanks to the Internet of Things (IoT) development and expansion for increasing the reliability of building the infrastructure of cities. The continuous increase of vehicles in the streets with the lack of car parking is becoming a problem in most urban cities. Therefore, the demand for smart car parking systems is increased for helping drivers to find a suitable car space quickly. This paper presents a smart parking system using infrared and ultrasonic sensors, which is controlled by Arduino Mega 2560. The Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) reader provides authorization to enter the smart parking system. On the other hand, a mobile application is added to allows users to know about the empty spaces based via WiFi application. This smart parking system is implementing in a small-scale model, and the results show that simulates the car parking with the mobile application, all the sensors, and the Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) screen display, to describe a view of the system architecture.

<span>The widespread of global internet has led to the need for developing new methods of protecting multimedia information from exploitation, alteration or forgery, illegal distribution, and manipulation. An attacker is quickly and illegally distributing or changing multimedia information by using various means of computer technology. For detecting this manipulation, this paper suggests blind watermark image inside a host image for observing in the receiver. If the watermark image was retrieved, then the host image was not attacked or manipulated. While if not retrieved, in this case, the image was attacked. The proposed method is depending on a decomposition of the host image using lowest energy sub-bands of Contourlet transform (4-levels), with scrambling by Ikeda map of the watermark image, and selecting new positions by modified Arnold Cat map. This will produce more security and safety, as well as provide more difficulty or prevent hacking. The obtained results confirm the robustness against attacks and more effectiveness of the presented scheme compared with the other similar works. Also, using lowest energy sub-bands will expand area of embedding and this part will be considered in the future works with the color images.</span>

Today, the specific absorption rate has become an important and necessary measurement when designing and implementing any type of antenna. In recent years, various devices have appeared that use different frequencies for wireless communication systems, which are a source of electromagnetic radiation. The M-slot antenna is designed in this paper to operate in multi-band frequencies for wireless communications using computer simulation technology (CST) software 2020. The radiation effect for this antenna is calculated for tissue mass of the human fingertips, which consists of three layers (skin, meat, and bone), over a mass of 1 g and 10 g according to the IEEE and International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) organization. The results are shown three applications in the communication system, which are Wi-Fi, worldwide interoperability for microwave access (Wi-Max) and, satellite X-band and, the value of specific absorption rate (SAR) increase with increased frequency.

In the current scenario, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are embedded in the “Internet of Things (IoT) ” platform where sensor nodes automatically link and use the Internet to communicate and execute their activities. WSNs are well suited for the collection of long-term IoT representation environmental data. The WSNs includes wireless communication capabilities, computation process, and nodes with sensing capabilities. Data dissemination methods, power management, and many routing procedures have been mainly designed for WSNs integrated IoT platform. Also, we consider load and bandwidth consumption as an essential issue in our design. Hence, this paper introduces a data disseminated energy-efficient clustering algorithm using multiple parameter decision-making for selecting an optimal clustering algorithm. For the cluster head selection process, we consider different kinds of parameters such as Initial Energy, Average Energy of the Network, Energy Consumption Rate, and Residual Energy. By considering these factors, nodes are continually monitored, and the cluster header is selected according to the maximum energy value. The respective cluster members are chosen in the cluster coverage area using the swarming techniques. In other words, we used swarm techniques as a cluster head selection process to avoid load and bandwidth consumption. The excellence of the system is evaluated using simulation results which show that this introduced method is more effective in terms of preventing bandwidth and load consumption. In this context, we use network simulator 2 (NS2) to simulate different kinds of metrics such as a packet delivery ratio, network lifetime, and energy consumption.