IntroductionThe heart like any other muscle requires oxygen and nutrient-rich blood to function. The coronary arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle spread across the surface of the heart, beginning at the base of the aorta and branching out to all areas of the heart muscle.1 Coronary artery disease is a term applied to obstructed blood flow through the coronary arteries to the heart muscle. The primary cause of coronary artery disease is atherosclerosis. If blood flow reduction resulting from coronary artery disease is severe and prolonged, acute myocardial infarction can occur, causing irreversible damage.2 Quality nursing care is the degree of health outcomes by delivery of efficient, effective and beneficial health services to people. Nurses are one of the largest groups of health-care professionals and are morally responsible for taking proper care of their patients.3 Acute myocardial infarction (AMI), commonly known as a "heart attack", results in the death of the heart muscle. Acute myocardial infarction occurs from a partial or complete blockage of a coronary artery, which decreases the blood supply to the cells of the heart supplied by the blocked coronary artery. The extent of Background and objective: Acute myocardial infarction is the death of myocardial tissue as a result of prolonged lack of blood and oxygen. The aim of this study was to assess the quality of nursing care for patients with acute myocardial infarction in the coronary units in Erbil city hospitals. Methods: This descriptive study was conducted on a non probability, purposive sample of 70 nurses selected from coronary care units of four hospitals (Hawler Teaching Hospital, Rizgari Teaching Hospital, Cardiac Centre and Rojhalat Emergency Hospital) in Erbil City. A questionnaire containing two parts was used for data collection. Part I of the questionnaire included demographic characteristics and part II contained three observational checklists: immediate nursing care for patients with acute myocardial infarction, nursing care for patients during coronary care units and teaching the patient and family before discharge. The number of items of the assessment sheet was 78. Results: The mean age of the participants was 30 years. Majority of the samples were male, graduated from nursing institute, having 1-8 years of nursing experience, having 1-5 years experience in coronary care units and have not participated in previous trainings. The highest percentage (75.7%) of nurses provided fair levels of quality of nursing care. Age group 22-28 years, male gender, nursing experience from1-8 years and nursing experience in coronary care unit from 1-5 years were significantly associated with provision of high quality of nursing care. Highly significant factors associated with provision of high quality of nursing care included the higher levels of education, and participation in training regarding nursing care in coronary care unit. Conclusion: Concerning the levels of quality of nursing care, the study shows that the majority of nurses provi...

Background and objective: Cancer-related fatigue is greatest frequent upsetting sense of tiredness or exhaustion can happen regardless of cancer type and could be experienced physically or emotionally, and or cognitively, that is associated with the tumor or its treat-ment. The current study aimed at assessing prevalence of cancer related fatigue among women with breast cancer. Method: A descriptive cross- sectional study design was conducted from 8th of October 2018 to 8th October 2019. To find out the prevalence of cancer-related fatigue among fe-male breast cancer patients at Nankali Hospital in Erbil city. A sample of 60 breast cancer patient was obtained through non-probability purposive convenience sampling tech-niques. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 23 for windows. Results: The results showed that the highest percentage of participants (45%) were from age group between 39-54, most of them were from urban area, graduated from primary school, married, however; 53.3% of breast cancer women they had family history of breast cancer. Regarding breast cancer stages, 40% of participants were in third stage. Most of the breast cancer patients were receiving chemotherapy treatment and they had surgery (81.7% and 71.7% respectively). Concerning cancer related fatigue 75% of participants suffered from fatigue, nonetheless; fatigue severity among participants range from severe 53.3% to moderate 48.3%. Also, physical fatigue was a common type of fatigue among women with breast cancer. Conclusion: One of the most common complains symptom of patient with cancer is fa-tigue. Cancer related fatigue impact physical, emotional, cognitive domains of patients’. Moreover, cancer-related fatigue has undesirable effect on patients, mood, daily task per-formance, and the patient’s life.

Results: Most participating nurses were male (76.5%), and the majority (52.9%) were between 26-32 years old. Most of them were married (68.6%), had a diploma certificate (58.7%) with 37.3% having 4-7 years of working experience at the two above-noted dialysis centers. The majority of nurses (70.6%) had fair knowledge score, while 17.6% had a good knowledge score and 11.8% had a low knowledge score. Conclusion: The majority of nurses had fair knowledge regarding nutritional management for renal failure patients.

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Cholelithiasis is the medical term of gallstone disease; Cholelithiasis denotes stones inside the gallbladder. Gallstone formation represents the most common abnormality of the biliary system *1+. They are divided into two major types. First pure cholesterol (10%). Often single stone, larger than 2.5cm, and round in shape. Second pure pigment (bile salts 10%). Pigment stones are black or brown in color. The most common type is mixed stone which is more than three-quarters of all type of cholelithiasis *2+.The roles of physical Background and objective: The effect of physical activity and diet is an essential modifiable or environmental factor. Evidence from epidemiological studies suggests that assessing associations between diet and general health is important. The aim of the study was to assess the level of physical activity and fat-related eating behaviour of patients with cholelithiasis. Methods: A matched case-control study was done on 100 participants; 50 were patients with gallstone disease and 50 were patients without gallstone disease. The study was conducted from December 2017 to June 2018. The constructed questionnaire used and designed based on the literature review. It consisted of four parts: demographic data, physical activity, fat-related eating behaviour, and investigations. Ultrasounds were done on all study participants to confirm whether patients had gallstone disease or not. Reliability of the questionnaire was determined through a pilot study and the validity through a panel of experts from medicine and nursing fields. Frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation, and the chi-square test was used for analyzing data. Results: In total, 70 female and 30 male patients were investigated. Most (52%) were 28 to 47 years old. Most (72%) were physically inactive. Regarding fat-related eating behaviour most (73%) had unhealthy behavior. There was a significant association between physical activity and the risk of getting cholelithiasis. Risk of disease the development was about 2.8 times higher in patients who were physically inactive (odds ratio = 2.79, 95% CI; 1.1-7.0) in comparison to patients were physically active. There was no significant difference between development of cholelithiasis and unhealthy fat-related eating behaviour (odds ratio = 0.886, 95% CI; 0.338-2.323). Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between cholelithiasis and engaging in physical activity.