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here is high expectation recently for machine-tomachine (M2M) communications over wired and wireless links. Various applications of M2M have already started to emerge in various sectors such as healthcare, vehicular ad hoc networks, smart home technologies, and so on [1]. The evolution of M2M has also begun in developing a smart power grid framework, referred to as the smart grid (SG) [2,3]. An electric grid having smart or intelligent capability allows power providers, distributors, and consumers -operating requirements and capabilities. Through this awareness, smart grid is able to produce, distribute, and consume power in the most effective manner. This type of communication takes place only among machines such as sensors, smart meters, and other equipment. Therefore, the M2M communications in SG must be private and secure since many of the autonomic functions that will run over it will be critical. Smart grid is usually portrayed as having numerous electrical appliances connected to one another in a complex manner so that they can report back on information such as power consumption and other monitoring signals. This promises higher efficiency in the power distribution networks (i.e., greater availability of power to homes and factories at lower cost), and will allow distributed power generation such as local solar and wind generators. It will reach into home-based devices; therefore, in addition to scalability and fast communication, serious attention should be paid to SG security [4]. Since SG communication is going to be based on current networking technologies, the same security concerns often encountered in conventional networks will also be prevalent in SG. In fact, cyber threats such as distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks are likely to have more impact on SG communication because of the involvement of so much electrical equipment on the consumer side. By means of early forecasting of malicious threats to SG, it may be possible to take quick measures to protect the appliances from being compromised by the attacker. To establish such a forecasting framework, however, we need to consider the fact that humans are not supposed to interfere with M2M communication. Instead, the machines within the SG should have an adequate framework to predict or warn about malicious events, abnormalities, and failures a priori. The machines in the SG can be found in different types of networks, such as home, building, and neighborhood-wide networks. The smart meters deployed in these different networks may be utilized to form an information sharing network. Such information sharing can provide an important resource for developing global and timely assessments of emerging malicious threats against SG communication.While smart meters should authenticate other smart meters and devices, the authentication scheme itself can be targeted by DDoS attackers. In this article, we consider the spread of a worm in an SG that compromises a number of machines (i.e., smart meters, electrical appliances), which start sending malic...

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The concept of smart grid to transform the ageold power grid into a smart and intelligent electric power distribution system is, currently, a hot research topic. Smart grid offers the merging of electrical power engineering technologies with network communications. Game theory has featured as an interesting technique, adopted by many researchers, to establish effective smart grid communications. The use of game theory, to date, has offered solutions to various decision making problems, ranging from distributed load management to micro storage management in smart grid. Interestingly, different researchers have different objectives or problem scopes for adopting game theory in smart grid. Nevertheless, all the game theoretic approaches for making effective smart grid solutions have a common aspect, namely the Nash equilibrium, arriving at which may lead to an optimal solution to the relevant problem. In this paper, we survey a number of game theory-based applications to solve different problems in smart grid. This survey reveals that game theory can be apparently simple yet become an effective technique to facilitate intelligent decision making in smart grid frameworks.

-High efficiency power feeding systems are effective solutions for reducing ICT power consumption of ICT equipment, such as routers and servers, or high efficiency cooling systems. We developed a higher voltage direct current (HVDC) power feeding system prototype. This system is composed of a rectifier, power distribution cabinet, batteries, and ICT equipment. The configuration is similar to a -48 V DC power supply system. The output of the rectifier is 100 kW, and the output voltage is 401.4 V. We describe the advantage of an HVDC power feeding system and show that its basic characteristics are stable.