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Based on a concept of "cost reduction by large rotor and small generator", a kind of small vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) called a butterfly wind turbine (BWT) has been developed with rotor diameter of 7 m and five looped blades. One of the features is a mechanical system which can twist each blade of a VAWT by using the centrifugal force acting on the blades in order to prevent over-speeding of the rotor. An electric power generation system that combines the BWT utilizing the over-speed control system (OCS) with a coreless generator connected to a three-time increasing gear unit is constructed in this study. The performance of the BWT power-generation system is predicted by the blade element momentum (BEM) theory. The final goal of this research is to show the feasibility of the low-cost VAWT power generation system with the proposed OCS. From the results of a series of forcible rotation experiments of the BWT rotor that is driven by an induction motor in very low wind speed condition, it is shown that the twist movement of the blades is improved by the design of the OCS that considers the observed radial force deprived of the centrifugal force and the pre-compression of springs. In the generation experiments with the final design of the OCS, the expected twists of the blades are observed for the first time in strong natural wind speed over 18 m/s.

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The purpose of the study was to compare changes in fat distribution in association with obesity and puberty in adolescent boys and girls. Fat areas at the ulnar, triceps, thigh, and calf regions were measured in normal weight prepubertal children (P) and adolescents (N), and overweight adolescents (O). There were significant differences in fat areas at the four sites between N and O of both sexes, especially in the proximal extremities (triceps, thigh) in boys. On the other hand, fat areas on the extremities of N boys and girls were not significantly different from those of P children except for thigh fat area in girls. It is suggested that pubertal maturation in girls, but not in boys, is associated with increased adiposity on the legs, particularly in the proximal regions, and that there are sex differences between changes in fat distribution associated with puberty and obesity. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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