Recently bisphosphonates are widely used for treatment of many bone metabolism related disease and cancer treatment. There are lots of case reports and studies concerned with the jaw bone osteonecrosis which depends on long term use of the bisphosphonates.However, the role of bisphosphonates in the etiology of osteonecrosis is still unclear. The purpose of this report is giving broadly information about the chemical structures of bisphosphonates, mechanisms of action, radiogaphic findings, complications and current treatment modalities.Actual prevention methods of the osteonecrosis are also discussed.