The aim of this study is to examine the relation between age, gender and temperamental traits (approach-withdrawal, persistence, rhythmicity and reactivity) of 5-6 year old children and school adjustment. The sample of the study consists of 91 children selected by simple random sampling method among children attending preschool education classes at the city of Çorum in Turkey. Data of the study was collected by Teacher Rating Scale of School Adjustment developed by Ladd, Kochenderfer and Coleman (1996) and The Short Temperament Scale for Children developed by Prior, Sanson & Oberklaid (1989). Teachers of the children were asked to complete the Teacher Rating Scale of School Adjustment for each child in their classroom. Also, parents were asked to complete Short Temperament Scale for Children to determine the temperament traits of their child. Results of the study reveal that there are significant relations between age, temperamental traits and school adjustment among 5-6 year old children. However, gender has not been found to correlate directly with school adjustment.