The previously defined pairs of primers GliB1.1 and GliB1.2 were found to produce three and four principal variants, respectively, of PCR sequence length for the γ-gliadin pseudogene in 46 Triticum aestivum L. cultivars from 15 countries carrying 19 known alleles at the Gli-B1 locus. A congruity was established between this polymorphism, allelic sets of the Gli-B1-produced gliadins (especially of the electrophoretic mobility in acid gels of the encoded γ-gliadin) and the presence in the wheat genotype of the Gli-B5b + Rg-1 allelic combination. Six different alleles at the Gli-B1 locus encoding an identical γ-gliadin produced a PCR sequence of about 400 bp (GliB1.1). Nine Gli-B1d-carrying genotypes from four countries produced an identical sequence of about 409 bp (GliB1.2), while three cultivars with Gli-B1h and four with Gli-B1b produced three and two specific sequences, respectively, of slightly different length. Allele Gli-B1j might be the result of recombination between coding and noncoding DNA sequences within the Gli-B1 locus. These observations imply that genetic diversity of the agriculturally important region of chromosome 1B marked by variants of the Gli-B1 locus is rather limited among common wheat cultivars of the 20th century, specifically to eight principal versions. These might have been incorporated into common wheat from diverged genotypes of diploid donor(s), and, due to the scarcity of recombination, subsequently maintained relatively intact. As well as its evolutionary significance, this information is of potential use in wheat breeding and we consider it likely that novel variants of this region will be found in hitherto unstudied germplasm.

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The Gli-B1-encoded γ-gliadins and non-coding γ-gliadin DNA sequences for 15 different alleles of common wheat have been compared using seven tests: electrophoretic mobility (EM) and molecular weight (MW) of the encoded major γ-gliadin, restriction fragment length polymorphism patterns (RFLPs) (three different markers), Gli-B1-γ-gliadin-pseudogene known SNP markers (Single nucleotide polymorphisms) and sequencing the pseudogene GAG56B. It was discovered that encoded γ-gliadins, with contrasting EM, had similar MWs. However, seven allelic variants (designated from I to VII) differed among them in the other six tests: I (alleles Gli-B1i, k, m, o), II (Gli-B1n, q, s), III (Gli-B1b), IV (Gli-B1e, f, g), V (Gli-B1h), VI (Gli-B1d) and VII (Gli-B1a). Allele Gli-B1c (variant VIII) was identical to the alleles from group IV in four of the tests. Some tests might show a fine difference between alleles belonging to the same variant. Our results attest in favor of the independent origin of at least seven variants at the Gli-B1 locus that might originate from deeply diverged genotypes of the donor(s) of the B genome in hexaploid wheat and therefore might be called “heteroallelic”. The donor’s particularities at the Gli-B1 locus might be conserved since that time and decisively contribute to the current high genetic diversity of common wheat.

Юлія Попович Львівський національний університет імені Івана Франка, магістрант юридичного факультету Володимир Мартин Львівський національний університет імені Івана Франка, кандидат юридичних наук, доцент кафедри інтелектуальної власності, інформаційного та корпоративного права ПРОБЛЕМИ ПРАВОВОГО РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ КОМЕРЦІЙНОГО (ФІРМОВОГО) НАЙМЕНУВАННЯ ЗА ЗАКОНОДАВСТВОМ УКРАЇНИ

Introduction. Gliadins are monomeric and highly polymorphic storage proteins of wheat endosperm, which together with glutenins form a gluten complex that determines the breadmaking properties of wheat. Allelic variants of gliadins are an important feature in the selection of material for breeding, but their determination by electrophoresis in acid PAGE is quite difficult. Aim. The aim of this study was to investigate the polymorphism of the Taglgap microsatellite locus and to analyze its correspondence to the polymorphism of allelic variants of gliadins that have been revealed by acid PAGE electrophoresis. Methods. 140 cultivars and lines of bread wheat of Ukrainian and foreign selection were analyzed. Electrophoresis of storage proteins was performed in an acid PAGE according to the method of F. O. Poperellia (1989), allelic variants were designated according to the international nomenclature (Metakovsky et al., 2018). DNA was isolated by CTAB method and PCR was performed with primers to the Taglgap microsatellite (Devos et al., 1995). PCR products were fractionated in 7% PAGE and stained with silver staining method. Nucleotide sequences were searched by BLAST and aligned by MAFT methods. The main results. 19 allelic variants of gliadins and 11 alleles of the Taglgap locus were identified. In the collection of Ukrainian varieties there were Gli-B1b, Gli-B1c, Gli-B1d, Gli-B1e, Gli-B1f, Gli-B1g, Gli-B1h, Gli-B1l and Gli-B1o allelic variants and alleles of Taglgap 216 bp, 237 bp, 246 bp, 248 bp, 252 bp, 267 bp, 270 bp and null. In the foreign collection of varieties − Gli-B1a, Gli-B1b, Gli-B1c, Gli-B1d, Gli-B1e, Gli-B1f, Gli-B1g, Gli-B1h, Gli-B1i, Gli-B1j, Gli-B1k, Gli -B1l, Gli-B1m, Gli-B1n, Gli-B1o, Gli-B1p, Gli-B1q, Gli-B1r, Gli-B1s and 213 bp, 216 bp, 237 bp, 246 bp, 248 bp, 250 bp, 252 bp, 270 bp, 285 bp and null. Nucleotide sequence analysis in the NCBI database showed the presence of a number of other alleles of the Taglgap microsatellite not only in bread wheat but also in some species of the Triticum L. and Aegilops L. genus. Conclusions. The detected polymorphism correlates with the polymorphism of allelic variants of gliadins of Gli-B1 locus and makes it possible to identify Gli-B1a, Gli-B1d, Gli-B1h and Gli-B1l allelic variants, and for Ukrainian varieties with high probability also Gli-B1b allelic variant. However, this marker does not allow identifying Gli-B1c, which is important for selection.