U(VI) bildet, optimal in 6n Salpetersäure, mit Arsenazo III einen 1:1‐Komplex der Zusammensetzung (I).

A b s t r a c tWorldwide, the mineral fertilizers, because of their multiple negative effects, become less popular. Therefore, more producers prefer to use biofertilizer and biological preparations for obtaining high crop yield with good quality. Fertilizers fill the soil with additional material, while biologicals contribute to effective mobilization of soil organic matter and biota. At All-Russian Research Institute of Reclaimed Lands (VNIIMZ) the КMN biofertilizer (multi-purpose compost) has been developed. Advantage of the КMN as a base fertilizer lies in its high nutritional value, physiological, ecological and biogenic properties. Also, a novel biological product, the LPB, have been developed. It is characterized by the presence of physiologically relevant amounts of growth factors and energy sources in a combination favorable to the plant. The LPB composition allows to maintain soil fertility and crop productivity. In the present study, we evaluated the effectiveness of the KMN and LPB on the potato (Solanum tubetosum L.) variety Zhukovsky and spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) variety Irgina. The micro plot tests were conducted in 2011-2013 on the experimental field of VNIIMZ (Tver' Province). With spring wheat, the KMN biofertilizer was used at a dose of 7 t/ha, and NPK dose was 300 kg/ha. Biological product (LPB stock preparation) was diluted with tap water as 1:300, 1:500 and 1:1000 and applied at 0.1 l/m 2 by spraying plants. In control no fertilizers were used. In total, there were 12 combinations of plant treatment. In wheat, a total yield, weight of 1000 grains, and the grain protein content were estimated. With potato, only KMN (4 t/ha) was used as fertilizer. Potato plants were treated with LPB three times (at sprouting, budding and flowering) by means of a hand sprayer. In this, four LPB doses (0.05, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 l/m 2 ) and two dilutions (1:30 and 1:300) of the stock preparation were used. Control potato plants were not treated with LPB. The potato yield and the tuber distribution by size were estimated. The intensity of redox processes in the soil was evaluated by the oxidative-reduction ratio (ORR) as the catalase to dehydrogenase activity rate. Spraying spring wheat with 1:300 LPB solution at 0.1 l/m 2 , additionally to КMN application, resulted in the highest yield among all the studied variants (27.5 kg/ha), and it was 15 % higher compared to LPB application together with NPK. The rich harvest was obtained due to larger grains. Mobilizing effect in the soil under spring wheat was higher if no basic fertilizers were used, and also when NPK was used without biopreparation. At the same time, the crop yield with NPK and without fertilizers was generally inferior to that obtained with NPK together with biologicals, when the yield increased due to activity of LPB microflora, and with KMN due to activation of microflora of biofertilizer and bioprparation, particularly at high concentration of the biopreparation (1:300). The highest yield of potatoes (372.1 kg/ha, including 352.1 kg/ha of co...

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Livestock and poultry wastes, when effectively managed, become feedstock for organic fertiliser production. Researchers from the All-Russian Research Institute of Reclaimed Lands, the branch of Federal Research Center “V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute”, proposed an accelerated regimen of cattle manure solid-phase fermentation with peat: 48 h at 37 °C, then 48 h at 60 °C and 24 h at 37 °C, terminating with nat-ural cooling of the fermented mass. A distinctive feature of the proposed accelerated fermentation is maintenance of set-point temperatures. The aim of the work is to perform a microbiological evaluation of the process of accelerated solid-phase fermentation. An experiment was carried out in a 1.75 dm3 laboratory fermenter. During the fermentation, we studied the number of microorganisms, which use organic and mineral nitrogen forms, using the limiting dilution method, as well as the species membership by mass spectrometry. The experimental findings showed that the temperature regime of the main fermentation steps yielded the maximum number of mesophilic and thermophilic nitrogen-transforming microorganisms. Their active growth caused the intensive transformation of the fermented mixture, as evidenced by mesophilic and thermophilic mineralisation coefficients. At the end of the process, the linear mineralisation coefficients were used to assess the completion of the fermentation product transformation and stabilisation. The fermentation product comprised a high number of nitrogen-transforming microorganisms (on average, 3.5±0.3•108 COE/g on a dry weight basis). The determination of the microbiota species membership in the fermented mass and the final product confirmed that the process temperature regime ensured the elimination of the sanitary-indicatory microorganisms present in the original mixture (E. coli, Citrobacter, Proteus). In addition, during pasteurisation, this regime led to the active development of non-pathogenic Bacillus bacteria (B. megaterium, B. subtilis, B. licheniformic, B. pumilus and B. altitudinis). The fermentation product is recommended for use as an environmentally safe organic fertiliser based on the microbiological evaluation.

The All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Reclaimed Lands has developed organic solid-phase biologic means for crop production and agriculture – multi-purpose compost (KMN) and fermentation product (PF). A characteristics of KMN and PF allows them to be use for bioremediation of oil-contaminated soil as activators of the native microflora and as sorbents of strains of oil destructive microorganisms. As source of oil destructing microorganisms the MikroBak preparation was used. Suspensed MikroBak was added to the PF and KMN in the process of their production – at the stage of ripening, based on the final content of oil destructors in the soil 105 CFU / 1 g of soil. It was established that three days after the MikroBak introduction, samples of solid-phase biological means had the highest microbiological activity, in particular, the number of microorganisms utilizing oil increased 2.5–7.5 times. To study the effectiveness of new biological means for remediation of oil-contaminated soils, a model experiment lasting 4 months was laid. Sod-podzolic light loamy soil was artificially contaminated with oil at the rate of 5 % of oil pollution, taking into account the mass of applied biological means. New biological means, prepared both on the basis of PF and MikroBak, and on the basis of KMN and MikroBak, combine two methods of bioremediation – stimulation of native microorganisms and the introduction of active microorganisms-destructors. After 2 weeks from the start of the experiment, the greatest destruction of oil was revealed in the variants using new biological means based on KMN and MikroBak, as well as PF and MikroBak – 29.8 and 24.3 %, respectively. In a month, the maximum destruction was observed in the variant with the use of the MikroBak – 36 %. At the end of the experiment, the degree of oil destruction and the number of microorganisms utilizing crude oil were in a linear relationship, the correlation coefficient r = 0.76. It was established that the use of the MikroBak biopreparation at the stage of maturation of the PF contributed to obtaining the most optimal, effective biological mean, which in 4 months provided a degree of oil destruction of 60.6 %.