In this paper, we investigated the effect of rapid thermal annealing (RTA) on solar cell performance. An opto-electric conversion efficiency of 11.75% (Voc = 0.64 V, Jsc = 25.88 mA/cm2, FF=72.08%) was obtained under AM 1.5G when the cell was annealed at 300 °C for 30 s. The annealed solar cell showed an average absolute efficiency 1.5% higher than that of the as-deposited one. For the microstructure analysis and the physical phase confirmation, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectra, front surface reflection (FSR), internal quantum efficiency (IQE), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were respectively applied to distinguish the causes inducing the efficiency variation. All experimental results implied that the RTA eliminated recombination centers at the p–n junction, reduced the surface optical losses, enhanced the blue response of the CdS buffer layer, and improved the ohmic contact between Mo and Cu(In, Ga)Se2 (CIGS) layers. This leaded to the improved performance of CIGS solar cell.

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Based on the analysis theory of plasticity limit, a formula of virtual work and an energy equation are established for the stability analysis of anchored soil slope, in which the soil nails and anchors are regarded as the internal structure which consumes the external power in the soil slope engineering.In the meantime, based on the simplified method of circular slip, another formula which can consider many factors such as the self-weight of slope, earthquake force, pressure of pore water and the force of anchor, is established to analyse the whole stability of anchored soil slope. It has important values for perfecting the analysis method of soil slope.

Foshan bike sharing system has been planed in order to optimize the urban transportation structure, alleviate traffic jam and parking difficulty ,deal with the environmental pollution and so on,as well as to build a sustainable green traffic system.Through analysing the actual situation of the development of the bike sharing in Chancheng, Foshan,we have given the corresponding public bicycle station, bicycle lanes and operation management, and other aspects of the planning scheme.