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In traditional school education, the content of health education courses cannot be easily linked to daily life experiences. This results in the low application of acquired knowledge and hinders students from gaining hands-on experience and a sense of accomplishment through courses, thereby lowering the learners’ engagement and willingness to learn. This study designed a board game integrated with augmented reality (AR) for health education; incorporated the card-game, slides, and learning-sheets (CSLS) gamification teaching model into the learning process; and discussed the effectiveness of board games with augmented reality in improving learning outcomes and emotions. The research participants were 52 senior high school students, who were assigned to the experimental (AR health education board game) or control (health education board game) group in the teaching experiment. The research findings reveal the following. The two groups were significantly different in terms of (1) learning outcomes, (2) negative emotions, (3) flow state in the game.

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This study examines the relationship between individual altruistic attitudes and the incentives of participating in a climate coalition by using a laboratory experiment. A dominant strategy solution design assigns players into two roles in the game: critical and non-critical players. The critical players have a weakly dominant strategy of joining and are essential to an effective coalition. On the other hand, the non-critical players have a dominant strategy of not-joining. The theory suggests that strong altruism would lead non-critical players to join a coalition. The experimental evidence supports that coalitions are therefore enlarged from the self-interest prediction. However, the result indicates that the individual incentives for participation seem to be negatively correlated with altruistic attitudes. It implies the stronger the altruistic tendencies the less likely individuals are to join a coalition. In other words, coalition formation may be expanded by egoistic players.