Nanofiber meshes (NFMs) loaded with therapeutic agents are very often employed to treat hard‐to‐heal wounds such as diabetic wounds. However, most of the NFMs have limited capability to load multiple or hydrophilicity distinctive‐therapeutic agents. The therapy strategy is therefore significantly hampered. To tackle the innate drawback associated with the drug loading versatility, a chitosan‐based nanocapsule‐in‐nanofiber (NC‐in‐NF) structural NFM system is developed for simultaneous loading of hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs. Oleic acid‐modified chitosan is first converted into NCs by the developed mini‐emulsion interfacial cross‐linking procedure, followed by loading a hydrophobic anti‐inflammatory agent Curcumin (Cur) into the NCs. Sequentially, the Cur‐loaded NCs are successfully introduced into reductant‐responsive maleoyl functional chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol NFMs containing a hydrophilic antibiotic Tetracycline hydrochloride. Having a co‐loading capability for hydrophilicity distinctive agents, biocompatibility, and a controlled release property, the resulting NFMs have demonstrated the efficacy on promoting wound healing either in normal or diabetic rats.

In recent articles, our research group explored the use of crosslinked Poly(methylmethacrylate-acrylic acid) and composites based on this copolymer for bone implant applications such as suture anchors. The swelling response of this system was studied first in vitro, using a 0.85 g/100-mL saline solution (chosen because it simulates well the in vivo environment), and later in vivo by using samples implanted for various time periods in the lateral femoral condyles of New Zealand white rabbits. It was found that the swelling response of the crosslinked copolymer in vivo was much greater than that in the saline solution. The present investigation was conducted to determine the mechanism of excessive swelling in the in vivo tests. The approach used was to establish the changes occurring in the chemical structure of the copolymer due to immersion in serum. A number of hypotheses that can potentially explain the observed excessive swelling in serum were investigated and are discussed in this article. The results of this study indicate that the mechanism of excessive swelling in serum was the neutralization of OCOOH groups in the copolymer to produce salts of acrylic acid, which are known to result in greater swell due to their higher degree of dissociation compared to free acid. It was also found that, for compositions containing the acrylic salts (produced by preswelling in high pH solutions and drying), the swelling behavior in serum was similar to that in saline solution, and more importantly, equilibrium swelling was reached in a relatively shorter time period, which has several practical advantages for bioimplant applications.