Elaboration and adoption of the "Concept for the conservation and sustainable use of forest genetic resources in Ukraine" were caused by the need to define the strategic goals and objectives, methodological, methodical, organizational principles and techniques for conservation of forest genetic resources in Ukraine on a nationwide scale. The development of the Concept aims at providing stable functioning of forest ecosystems today and in the future, preserving the potential of forests for producing of their unique set of economic, environmental and social benefits. The use of the document will serve as the basis for developing of new and improving the existing legislative, departmental and administrative regulations that provide different aspects of biodiversity conservation in forests -programs, regulations, guidelines, directives, recommendations, etc. In the Concept, which is developed in Ukraine for the first time, characterized are the topicality and the necessity for conservation of forest genetic resources, the classification of factors that endanger the genetic diversity of forest tree species is described, legal basis of the process for conserving forest genetic resources is analyzed, the methods and strategy of genetic variability of forest tree species conservation are reported, attention was paid to the benefits from sustainable use of forest genetic resources, also here were indicated the necessity of scientific support of this process and outlined ways of implementing this concept.
Досліджено особливості росту гібридних тополь в умовах свіжого груду Західного Лісостепу України до 9-річного віку з огляду на доцільність їх використання у короткоротаційних плантаціях. Насадження створено однорічними живцями клонів: 'Дружба' 'Канадська × Бальзамічна' 'Стрілоподібна' і 'Тронко'. Ґрунт-сірий лісовий свіжий. Розміщення садивних місць-2,0×0,8 м. Під час проведення досліджень застосовано традиційні лісівницькі та таксаційні методи. Найвищу збереженість рослин у 7-річному віці виявлено у клонів 'Тронко' (88 %) і 'Дружба' (86 %), найменшу-у клону 'Канадська × Бальзамічна'-78 %. Найбільшу середню висоту мав культивар 'Дружба' (10,3 ±0,33 м). Решта клонів за висотою практично не відрізнялися. Найбільший середній діаметр дерев (7,4 ±0,33 см) встановлено у клону 'Канадська х Бальзамічна', який мав найменшу збереженість. Найвищий запас визначено у деревостанів клонів 'Канадська × Бальзамічна' (113 м 3 •га-1) і 'Дружба' (122 м 3 •га-1). Отже, 7-річні насадження продукували від 13,3 до 17,4 м 3 •га-1 деревини на рік. За наступні 2 роки відбувся значний відпад дерев клонів 'Тронко' і 'Канадська × Бальзамічна', що негативно позначилось на показниках їх запасу. Найвищим запас був у клону 'Дружба'-139 м 3 •га-1. Середня зміна запасу та загальної продуктивності (запас + відпад) усіх клонів виявилися меншими у віці 9 років, ніж у 7, що свідчить про те, що в досліджуваних умовах оптимальний вік рубання деревостанів тополі густотою близько 6 тис. шт. на 1 га становить 6-7 років. При цьому, насадження клону 'Дружба' мають запас 122, 'Канадська × Бальзамічна'-113, 'Тронко'-105, 'Стрілоподібна'-93 м 3 •га-1 .
The effective direction of reducing the deficit of wood in Ukraine is the introduction of fast growing tree species in forest plantations. Larch is one of these species. The purpose of the research was to study the performance of larch stands in different soil-climatic conditions of Ukraine and to establish the expediency of its wider use for the creation of forest plantations. In carrying out researches traditional forestry and forest biometry methods were used. Two species of larch occur in forest plantations of Ukraine: Larix decidua Mill., Larix leptolepis Gord) and their hybrid Larix eurolepis Henry. The authors have defined that larch dominates aboriginal species by intensity of growth at all age stages. Therefore, the stock of wood directly depends on the proportion of its trees in the composition of the plantation. In the 8-20-year-old plantations the hybrid larch presents the most intense growing (I f-I e classes of bonitet). Larix decidua and Larix leptolepis grow in the I b-І d classes of bonitet. Maximum indexes of the average change in stock of larch stands are observed at 40-year-old age. Thus, in order to obtain small and medium varieties of wood forest plantation of larch can be oriented to the age of the main felling 41-50 years. In the plantations of the 51-70-year-old Larix decidua continues intensive growth (I a-І d classes of bonitet), which is generally determined by the trophy of forest-soil conditions. In ripe and overgrown forest stands, larch retains a high growth intensity, although it grows only under the I a-I b classes of bonitet. In Polissya, Forest-Steppe zone and the Carpathians in the wet and fresh sugubrava and oak forest conditions the larch plantations are characterized by high stocks of stem wood, while retaining a high intensity of growth to a perennial age, which, along with the high quality of wood, makes them perspective species for the creation of traditional artificial woodlands, and forest plantations. Lack of rainfall is one of the main factors limiting the expansion of anthropogenic larch area to the southern and eastern regions of Ukraine.
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