Objectives : This study was designed to find out the differences of the acupuncture sensation by type of pharmacopuncture. And furthermore we try to find out whether normal saline(NS) is able to be constituted as an appropriate control group for the Calculus Bovis • Fel Ursi ․ Moschus(BUM) pharmacopuncture, mountain ginseng pharmacopuncture and sciatica no. 5 pharmacopuncture. Methods : NS and three type of pharmacopunctures were inserted into ST36, and ST37 of the subjects. Before and after the treatment, subjects completed a questionnaire rating the intensity of 13 kinds of acupuncture sensation(acupuncture sensation scale, ASS). We compared the subjective acupuncture sensation between the NS and three type of pharmacopunctures. Results : BUM pharmacopuncture showed significantly intense acupuncture sensation comparing other two pharmacopunctures and NS. There was no statistically significant difference among mountain ginseng pharmacopuncture, sciatica no. 5 pharmacopuncture and NS. Conclusions : We found that NS may be able to be an placebo pharmacopuncture for mountain ginseng pharmacopuncture and sciatica no. 5 pharmacopuncture. Additional study is needed for placebo pharmacopuncture of BUM pharmacopuncture.

Objectives : This study aimed to investigate temperature characteristics by heat transfer type of therapeutic modalities. Methods : We selected heating and cooling modalities that are frequently used in clinical by heat transfer type: conduction, convection, radiation, and conversion. We used ham as tissue model, and applied the modalities for 30 minutes. We measured real-time changed temperature(℃) of the surface, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14 ㎜ depth. Results : 1. In conduction-using hot pack, ice pack, and CryoStamp heating-cooling combination therapy unit(40 ℃/∼15 ℃), the surface temperature sharply rose close to equilibrium in first 5 minutes. 2. In convection-using smokeless moxa, temperature slowly rose to the maximum at 25-minute elapsed time. But in another convection-using CRAiS cryotherapy device, result was similar to that of conduction. 3. In radiation-using infrared lamp, result was similar to that of conduction, but not reached equilibrium during applying time. 4. In conversion-using ultrasound device, temperature was the highest at 6 ㎜ depth, and not reached equilibrium during applying time. Conclusions : We could comprehend temperature characteristics and proper use of modalities by heat transfer type. It would be necessary to consider in vivo physical conditions in further studies.