Allergic diseases, which have a certain stage in their development from food allergy to bronchial asthma / allergic rhinitis, are much more common in children than in adults. The aim of this study was to analyze data on the prevalence and incidence of atopic dermatitis, bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis as components of the allergic march, in children of Ukraine from 1994 to 2017 to determine the possible impact of adverse environmental factors on their development. During the same period, due to the influence of a number of factors, in particular environmental, there were significant changes in the structure of allergic diseases making up the stages of the allergic march due to an increase in the proportion of allergic rhinitis with the reduced one of asthma and atopic dermatitis. Within 24 years, the incidence of atopic dermatitis in children aged 0-6 years including, increased by 27.6%, in adolescents - by 40.5% and significantly decreased by 39.5% in children aged 7-14 years including. Most cases of allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma were observed in schoolchildren (47.6 and 54.0%, respectively) with a slight decrease compared to 1994. In general, allergic diseases in recent years have become more common in children from 0 to 6 years and their detection has decreased in school-age children and adolescents. Over the past 24 years, in children of Ukraine a steady increase in the incidence and prevalence of allergic diseases that form an allergic march has been noted: the prevalence of bronchial asthma has increased by 69.3% and the incidence has increased by 22.9%; the prevalence of atopic dermatitis increased by 43.9% and the incidence increased by 8.3%; the prevalence of allergic rhinitis increased by 488.3% and the incidence of allergic rhinitis increased by 380.3%, with a predominance of detection of this pathology in children from regions with developed infrastructure and industry, where there are significant emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere, that have a direct moderate effect on the increase in the prevalence of bronchial asthma, the incidence and prevalence of allergic rhinitis in children.

Bacterial, allergic, parasitic and fungal skin lesions are much more common among children than among adult patients. The aim of this study was to analyze data on the prevalence and incidence of diseases of skin and subcutaneous tissue with allergic and non-allergic origin among children of Ukraine in period from 1994 to 2017. Our main purpose was to determine the possible impact of different adverse environmental factors on children`s  growth, including radiation, connected with the Chernobyl disaster in 1986. Over the past 24 years Ukraine has witnessed a 10.3% increase in prevalence of diseases of skin and subcutaneous tissue among children and 8.6% raise of incidence rate with a predominance of detection of this pathology in children affected by the Chernobyl accident and children from areas of radiological control. We have found a direct influence of moderate strength on the connection between population-weighted effective dose of total human exposure (in millizieverts) in different regions of the country in the period of 1997-2011 and the incidence and prevalence of skin diseases among children aged 0-14 years, including 2011 (p<0.05).This fact may indicate the impact of this disaster on the occurrence and pathogenesis of skin diseases and its consequences among children. During the same period, due to the influence of a number of environmental factors, there was a significant transformation in the structure of skin diseases in children. We have witnessed double increasing of the proportion of allergic lesions of the skin and its elements. The prevalence of diseases of the skin and its elements in general has reached 28.7%  against the corresponding reduction of skin infections.

Расстройства психики и поведения у детей являются актуальной проблемой современной педиатрической науки и практики. Высокие уровни распространенности этой патологиисвоеобразный маркер неблагоприятного морально-психологического состояния общества и влияния стресса в семье на неустойчивую психику ребенка. Нельзя также исключать и отрицательное влияние информационной среды, а также окружающей среды, в том числе радиационных факторов на организм ребенка. Целью исследования было изучение 25-летних трендов заболеваемости расстройствами психики и поведения детского населения страны Украины с целью определения влияния на их развитие факторов окружающей среды, в частности радиационного фактора, после аварии на ЧАЭС в 1986 году. Проведен анализ заболеваемости и распространенности расстройств психики и поведения (РПП) у детей из разных областей Украины, в том числе загрязненных в результате аварии на ЧАЭС. Применялись методы статистического оценивания, эпидемиологического анализа данных Центра медицинской статистики МЗ Украины по состоянию психического здоровья детского населения страны. Установлено, что в течение последних 25 лет наблюдалась достоверная динамика по уменьшению распространенности и заболеваемости расстройствами психики и поведения у детей Украины до 3,81 случаев на 1000 детей (p<0,01) с преимущественным выявлением этой патологии у детей из крупных промышленных и аграрных областей страны, где наблюдается значительное экотоксичное давление факторов внешней среды на детский организм. У детей, постоянно проживающих в областях страны, которые были загрязнены в результате аварии на ЧАЭС в 1986 году, особенно в Черниговской и Житомирской областях, показатели заболеваемости расстройствами психики и поведения в течение последних 25 лет превышали общегосударственные показатели и показатели заболеваемости РПП у детей из областей, не имевших территорий радиологического контроля. У детей, имеющих статус пострадавших вследствие аварии на ЧАЭС, показатель заболеваемости расстройствами психики и поведения был высоким в начале 90-х годов, но в течение последних 25 лет уровень заболеваемости РПП стал снижаться, и сейчас он меньше аналогичного показателя у детей, постоянно проживающих в областях страны, которые были загрязнены в результате аварии на ЧАЭС в 1986 году, и

The emergence and rapid spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates in the world significantly complicated the treatment and changed the approaches to the diagnosis of staphylococcal infections in children. Staphylococcus aureus is a widespread microorganism dangerous for humans. A wide range of virulence factors the list of which is still being added allows it to quickly enter the body through damaged barriers and cause local and invasive infections, toxin-mediated diseases, as well as persist for a long time. Currently, two fundamentally different variants of MRSA are distinguished: health care-associated and community-acquired. Health care-associated MRSA are resistant to a greater number of antimicrobial agents, while community-acquired MRSA isolates are characterized by recurrent infections and a more severe course of invasive diseases. In addition, MRSA is gradually developing resistance to those antibacterial agents that were the basis of treatment for these infections, primarily clindamycin and vancomycin. All this requires global and regional monito­ring of MRSA spread in different variants of staphylococcal infections and the sensitivity of the isolates found to antibiotics in order to optimize empiric and pathogen-specific antibacterial therapy. The article presents data on the activity of various antimicrobial agents against S.aureus, analyzes the available information on the prevalence of MRSA in Ukraine and the results of local monitoring for antibiotic resistance, which turned out to be unidirectional with global trends. Clinical and laboratory criteria for diagnosis of local staphylococcal infections, invasive and toxin-mediated diseases in childhood were presented. Treatment of S.aureus infections involves the necessary surgical interventions and antibacterial therapy considering current epidemiological situation on the spread of MRSA and their sensitivity to antimicrobial agents. Further studies are needed to determine the prevalence of MRSA in children in Ukraine to develop antibacterial therapy algorithms for various types of staphylococcal infections.