In the work for the first time the problem of acceleration layer formation has been proposed for Hall plasma systems, in particular, Hall thrusters of SPT and TAL type. It has been proved that the equation of electron component motion cannot yield a quantitative information on acceleration layer parameters, specifically, its extent. It is shown that the basic information on layer characterises is found in the electron energy equation, and the acceleration layer extent is governed by the electron energy dissipation intensity regardless of the mechanism and the place of its release.The mechanism of the acceleration layer formation in SPT is investigated in detail. It is shown the main reservoir for electron energy release are the acceleration channel walls. Availability of substantial anisotropy in electron distribution by energy is pointed out.For SPT the calculation of plasma parameters for the whole channel length from the cathode to the anode has been performed, the results obtained correlate well with the known experimental data.

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Abstracr -The paper presents new results of experimental study of stability of the direct current electric arc in vacuum interrupter with an axially-symmetric magnetic field under contact opening.The study allowed to obtain more detailed data, on the dynamics of plasma glow and spots on electrodes during transition from stable to unstable stage of vacuum arc evolution. Features of stable and unstable stages of vacuum arc burning at direct current 50 -150 A and at change of magnetic field from 100 np to 150 mT are investigated.

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