The paper summarizes results of long-term observations of the state of roadside tree and shrub plantings of Ulmus parvifolia, Tamarix ramosissima, Calligonum aphyllum and Haloxylon aphyllum in the arid conditions of the Northern Caspian. All said species show high survival on sandy loam soils, are drought-resistant and long-living (40 and more years). Studies have shown ecological and ameliorative effect of plantings on the vegetation cover of adjacent pastures and protection of the route Astrakhan-Volgograd from sand drifts and snowstorms of East and South-East directions.
In the experiment, four varieties of winter wheat (Don 93 – standard, Krasa of Don, Lilit, Kapitan) and four levels of mineral nutrition (1. Ammophos 60 kg/ha when sowing; 2. Ammophos 60 kg/ha when sowing, Polydon Biouniversal 0.5 l/ha in the tillering phase, Polydon Biouniversal 0.5 l/ha in the earing phase; 3. Ammophos 60 kg/ha when sowing, spring tillering ammonium nitrate 130 kg/ha, Polydon Biouniversal 0.5 l/ha in the tillering phase, Polydon Biouniversal 0.5 l/ha in the earing phase; 4. Ammophos 60 kg/ha during sowing, spring tillering ammonium nitrate 130 kg/ha) were considered. According to the level of mineral nutrition, the lowest biological yield was formed at the first level of nutrition. At the third level of nutrition, the largest biological yield was formed. On average, for three years of research, it was in the Don-93 variety by 0.54 t/ha more than at the first level, in the Kapitan variety by 0.66 t/ha more than at the first level, in the Krasa of Don variety by 0.81 t/ha more than at the first level and in the Lilit variety by 0.89 t/ha more than at the first level.
According to the results of numerous researches carried out in the Russian Federation and abroad, it was found that microelements, at their skillful use, are an important factor in increasing crop yields and improving the quality of products. The aim of our research was to study the pepper plants pre-sowing seed treatment and foliar feeding with microelements influence on the growth, development and productivity of this crop. The experimental part of the work was carried out in the period of 2014 … 2016 in the conditions of the Volgograd region. Experiments on the study of microelements were carried out according to a scheme consisting of 3 options: application into soil; presowing seed treatment; foliar top dressing of plants. Chemically pure compounds of manganese sulphate, zinc sulphate, copper sulphate, ammonium molybdate, and boric acid were used as microelements. The use of microelements in the conditions of the dry steppe zone of the Nizhneje Pvolzhje region is an important agrotechnical method, contributing to the acceleration of growth, development, increase in yield and improve the quality of the pepper fruits. It is recommended to carry out pre-sowing seed treatment by 0.05% solutions of copper sulphate, boric acid and manganese sulphate, as a way to increase seed viability, accelerate yield and improve seedling quality. In order to increase the yield and improve the quality during the period of pepper budding, foliar top dressing should be carried out by 0.05% solutions of boric acid, ammonium molybdate. Due to its high efficiency, simplicity and availability, presowing seed treatment and foliar top dressing of plants by micro-elements will find wide application in vegetable production.
ПЛЕСКАЧЁВ Юрий Николаевич, Волгоградский государственный аграрный университет РОМЕНСКАЯ Ольга Николаевна, Волгоградский государственный аграрный университетРассматривается продуктивность картофели в Нижнем Поволжье в зависимости от применения микробиологических удобрений азотовит и фосфатовит. Выявлена их высокая эффективность при вы-ращивании картофеля на капельном орошении. Показано увеличение рентабельности производства дан-ной культуры.Введение. В настоящее время при современ-ной экономической оценке системы земледелия особое внимание уделяют альтернативным (био-логическим) методам ведения хозяйства, основан-ным на использовании органических удобрений как решающего фактора в улучшении физико-хи-мических и биологических показателей эффек-тивного плодородия почвы [1,3,4, 12].В биологизированном земледелии осо-бая роль принадлежит микробиологическим удобрениям, которые обогащают почву био-логическим азотом, мобилизуют недоступ-ный растениям фосфор, подавляют развитие возбудителей болезней и способствуют уве-личению урожайности сельскохозяйственных культур [5].Один из важнейших путей экологизации производства картофеля -применение микро-биологических удобрений на основе высокоэф-фективных штаммов бактерий, способствующих переходу труднодоступных форм питательных веществ в легкоусвояемые, а также несимбиоти-ческой азотфиксации в почве [6].К таким микробиологическим удобрениям относятся азотовит и фосфатовит, которые яв-ляются экологически безопасными средства-ми повышения урожайности возделываемых культур [7,8]. Действие препарата азотовит основа но на способности усваивать атмос-ферный азот, а также синтезировать вещества, которые подавляют развитие патогенной мик-рофлоры. Фосфатовит участвует в мобилиза-ции нерастворимых соединений фосфора, тем самым позволяя значительно уменьшить рас-ход фосфорных удобрений, одновременно уве-личивает устойчивость растений к грибковым болезням [9,10,11].Цель работы -изучение влияния мик-робиологических удобрений азотовит и фосфа-товит на урожайность картофеля в Нижнем По-волжье.Методика исследований. Опыт был за-ложен в КФХ «Леденев А.М.» Городищенского района Волгоградской области в 2010 г.Фактор А -предшественники: 1 -лук; 2 -озимая рожь на сидерат.Фактор В -технология внесения микроби-ологических удобрений азотовит (А) и фосфа-товит (Ф): 1 -контроль; 2 -обработка клуб-ней препаратами 0,5 л А + 0,5 л Ф /100 л/га; 3 -внесение препаратов в почву перед посадкой клубней 0,4 л А + 0,4 л Ф /100 л/га; 4 -внесе-ние препаратов в фазу бутонизации 0,4 л А + + 0,4 л Ф / 100 л/га; 5 -обработка клубней + вне-сение в почву перед посадкой картофеля; 6 -об-работка клубней + внесение в почву перед посад-кой + обработка в фазу бутонизации картофеля.Опыт проводили с четырехкратной повтор-ностью. Размещение делянок систематическое двухрядное ступенчатое, что обусловлено прак-тическим удобством при выполнении агротехни-ческих работ. Размеры опытных делянок -длина 30 м, ширина 1,4 м, площадь 42 м ). Картофель от всходов до бутонизации в сред-нем за годы исследований потреблял 33 % от об-щего количе...
The article presents research materials on the cultivation of the chickpea variety Privo 1 in the zone of chestnut soils of the Volgograd region. In three-year experiments, the effectiveness of growth stimulants and trace elements was studied in the treatment of chickpea seeds before sowing. Factor A - growth stimulants. 1. Control (without growth stimulants); 2. Nano-Gro; 3. HB-101; 4. Rizotorfin. Factor B - trace elements. 1. Control (without trace elements); 2. Ammonium molybdate (Mo-52%); 3. Boric acid (B-17.3%). The highest photosynthetic potential was formed in the variants with seed treatment with the growth stimulator HB-101 and averaged from 1059 thousand m2 x day/ha in the variant without microelements to 1144 thousand m2 x day/ha in the variant with the use of boron. The maximum net productivity in chickpea plants of the Privo 1 variety on average for 2014-2016 was established with a combination of seed treatment with growth stimulator HB-101 and boric acid and was equal to an average of 2.08 g/m2 per day for the growing season. The highest economic yield of chickpeas, on average, according to experience, was established on the combination options during presowing treatment of seeds of the growth stimulator HB-101 with boric acid or ammonium molybdate and was equal to 2.59 t/ha, that is, it was 34.9% higher than in the control variant . The highest percentage of protein in chickpea grain 28.8% was found in the variant of the combined use of the growth stimulator HB-101 with ammonium molybdate. The highest protein yield was observed on variants of the combination of the growth stimulator HB-101 with ammonium molybdate and boric acid, and was equal to 742 kg/ha. The lowest protein yield was in the control variant without the use of growth stimulants and microelements and was equal to 541 kg/ha.
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