Identifying earthworms (Oligochaeta, Megadrili) of the Southern Kuril Islands using DNA barcodes. The Kuril Islands are a volcanic archipelago located between Hokkaido and Kamchatka. In this study we investigated earthworm fauna of three of the Southern Kuril Islands, Kunashir, Shikotan, and Yuri, using both morphological analysis and DNA barcoding. Our results highlight the potential of DNA barcoding for studying earthworm fauna: while previous studies reported only six earthworm species and subspecies on the Southern Kurils, we detected 15 genetic clusters. Six of them correspond to European cosmopolites; six, to Asian species; and three, to unidentified species. While no European earthworms were found on Yuri that is uninhabited since WWII, they dominated on larger and inhabited Kunashir and Shikotan, suggesting that they are recent invaders. Of the six Asian species, five had cox1 sequences identical or very closely related to published sequences from the mainland or the Japanese islands and thus are recent invaders.

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Data on the species of the genus Odacantha Paykull, 1790 from Russia are given. Odacantha (Odacantha) puziloi aino Makarov et Sundukov, subsp. n. is described from Kunashir Island. New subspecies distinguished from nominotypical in relatively wide elytra with coarser sculpture and punctation, and the less strongly developed punctation of the prothorax. The first record O. hagai Nemoto, 1989 in Russia is provided. A key to the taxa of the genus Odacantha from the Russian Far East is compiled.

Subfamily Carabinae Tribe Carabini Calosoma (Campalita) chinense chinense Kirby, 1819 Map 4.

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