Background: Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is the main renal replacement therapy in elderly patients account for hemodynamic stability. The clinical characteristics and prognosis of elderly PD patients are varies in different dialysis centers. We analyzed the characteristics, outcomes and prognosis factors of survival in elderly PD patients in China, to better understand their status and improve their quality of life. Methods: This prospective, observational study categorized 202 PD patients by age: elderly group ≥65 years, younger group <65 years. The inclusion criteria were: age >18 years, first PD treatment and dialysis time >3 months, and complete data. Clinical characteristics including demographic data, hemodynamic variables were compared between groups. After a median follow-up of 44 months, prognosis outcomes between young and elderly groups were measured. Multivariate Cox regression analysis were used to establish the models for predicting outcomes. Then the nomogram of the model was generated. Results: A total of 202 PD patients were enrolled: 61 in the elderly group and 141 in the younger group. The comparison of baseline data revealed decreased serum albumin, normalized protein catabolic rate and higher incidence of previous cardiovascular, cerebrovascular diseases, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) in the elderly group. The mortality rate was substantially higher in the elderly group. Cardiovascular disease was the main cause of death in elderly PD patients. High body mass index (BMI) [hazard ratio (HR) =1.0, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.0-1.1, P=0.005], high CCI (HR =1.1, 95% CI: 1.0-1.2, P=0.022), and ischemic heart disease (ISD) (HR =2.5, 95% CI: 1.0-6.1, P=0.042) were risk factors for the long-term survival of elderly PD patients. Conclusions: High BMI, high CCI and ISD were important factors for evaluating the adverse outcomes of elderly PD patients. Larger studied are needed to identify risk factors in elderly PD patients and to improve their outcomes.