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A key primary method for creating a carbon cycle and carbon neutrality is the catalytic hydrogenation of CO 2 into high value-added chemicals or fuels. In this work, ZnGaO x oxides were prepared by parallel co-precipitation and physically mixed with SAPO-34 molecular sieves prepared by hydrothermal synthesis to produce ZnGaO x /SAPO-34 bifunctional catalysts, which were evaluated for the catalytic synthesis of lower olefins (C 2 = À C 4 = ) from carbon dioxide hydrogenation. It was demonstrated that the reaction process requires oxygen defect activation, synergistic hydrogenation, and CO 2 alkaline adsorption of ZnGaO x . The spinel structure of ZnGaO x has more abundant oxygen defects and alkaline adsorption sites than the ZnGaO x solid solution, which effectively enhances the catalytic performance. The CO 2 conversion was 28.52%, the selectivity of C 2 = À C 4 = in hydrocarbons reached 70.01%, and the single-pass yield of C 2 = À C 4 = was 10.95% at 370 °C, 3.0 MPa, and 4800 mL/g cat /h.

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