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The article has presented the results of a study of the brain bioelectrical activity and cerebral energy exchange in 60 northern children aged 9-10 years (30 boys and 30 girls). Functional state of the central nervous system was assessed with use of electroencephalography and the method of the DC-potential recording. The results indicated that age development of the northern schoolchildren occurred in connection with adaptation to a complex of severe factors of the North and was characterized by lower frequency of alpha-rhythms and a higher level of theta - and delta-activities, especially in the frontal areas. It was accompanied by higher energy consumption of the brain in general and reduction of energy consumption in the frontal areas of the northern children compared to their peers in the central regions of Russia. These facts indicated relative immaturity of the brain and manifestations of functional stress associated with impact of adverse climatic and environmental conditions of the North on the children.

A study of frequency characteristics of electroencephalograms (EEG) in high school students during increasing, maximum, decreasing and minimum duration of daylight has been conducted. In the paper, dynamics of the main EEG rhythms has been presented, their relationship with periods of daylight has been established. There has been revealed dominance of alpha and delta activity in contrasting seasons, periods favorable for the brain functioning and development of higher mental functions have been defined.