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The aim of the investigation was to assess the efficacy of the 3D reconstruction of the alveolar bone by means of guided bone regeneration based on computer-assisted 3D planning using a resorbable dental membrane.Materials and Methods. 35 practically healthy patients without a marked concomitant somatic pathology with a diagnosis of "partial teeth loss complicated by alveolar bone atrophy" took part in the study. All patients underwent reconstructive operations to eliminate the defects and restore the alveolar bone volume using guided bone regeneration procedure and resorbable dental membranes. Planning and operations were performed according to the developed unified protocol including computer-assisted 3D operation planning and fabrication of intraoperative templates for dental membranes using 3D prototyping.Results. The developed method of computer-assisted 3D operation planning and fabrication of intraoperative templates for dental membranes using 3D prototyping has proved to be effective as it reduces the time of operative intervention, excludes the risk of forming a smaller membrane of inadequate shape, gives the required bone volume.Conclusion. The proposed method of computer-assisted 3D operation planning and fabrication of intraoperative templates for dental membranes using 3D prototyping allows surgeons to improve the precision of the guided bone regeneration operations, to diminish the intraoperative time of membrane adaptation, and avoid the possibility of its mispositioning. At the same time, application of the resorbable dental membrane increases the efficacy of the 3D alveolar bone reconstruction.

Bone tissue damages are one of the dominant causes of temporary disability and developmental disability. Currently, there are some methods of guided bone regeneration employing different osteoplastic materials and insulation membranes used in surgery. In this study, we have developed a method of preparation of porous membranes from the biopolymer poly-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate (PHBV), produced by a strain of Azotobacter chroococcum 7B. The biocompatibility of the porous membranes was investigated in vitro using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and in vivo on laboratory animals. The cytotoxicity test showed the possibility of cell attachment on membrane and histological studies confirmed good insulating properties the material. The data obtained demonstrate the high biocompatibility and the potential application of insulating membranes based on PHBV in bone tissue engineering.

The aim of the investigation was to develop a technology of manufacturing bone implants based on a hybrid polymer construction composed of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) and sodium alginate for guided bone regeneration using 3D printing method.Materials and Methods. Complex shaped bone implants based on poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) and sodium alginate were manufactured by the method of two-stage leaching using a mold obtained by 3D printing. The appearance, morphology and structure of the obtained scaffolds were analyzed by means of scanning electron microscopy. Biocompatibility in vivo was determined based on the histology data of scaffolds implantation as bone substitutes.Results. The study of the developed hybrid 3D scaffolds from poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) and sodium alginate showed that they perform a restrictive function providing conditions for regeneration of flat cranial bones in rats.Conclusion. The developed hybrid 3D scaffolds do not interfere with normal osteogenesis and provide beneficial conditions for regeneration.

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