Purpose of research. Evaluation of direct results of surgical treatment of patients with cancer localization in the middle and lower ampullary rectum using laparoscopic and open methods. Materials and methods: a retrospective analysis was performed on 221 patients who underwent anterior and low anterior rectal resection. Results. Independent risk factors for failure of low colorectal anastomosis were determined. Laparoscopic treatment of rectal cancer with total mesorectumectomy does not lead to an increase in the number of intra—and postoperative complications. Laparoscopic mesorectumectomy is a priority method in comparison with the open method of operation.
The authors describe an extremely rare combination of omphalocele and isolated segments of the small intestine with enetercystomas having their own mesentery. This pathology was manifested by a syndrome of partial intestinal obstruction during 50 days after suturing the anterior abdominal wall because of omphalocele. During relaparotomy, a pair of separated intestinal fragments with hypertension in their inner content was removed. The patient recovered completely.
Administration of serotonin adipinate 30-50 mg/day during 3-5 days in addition to standard initial therapy allowed us to achieve permanent hemostasis during initial treatment if EVL was impossible. Serotonin adipinate induces thrombocytes' adhesion and improves fibrin clot strength. This therapy markedly decreases mortality (33.3% vs 46.7%), incidence of recurrent bleeding (46.4% vs 60.0%). Also it contributes successful hemostasis with endoscopic ligation and effective portal decompression by TIPS procedure.
Äèàãíîñòèêà è ëå÷åíèå áîëüíûõ ñ ïîðòàëüíîé ãèïåðòåíçèåéЦель. Изучить особенности портосистемной гемодинамики (ПСГ) до и после трансъюгулярного внутрипеченочного портосистемного шунтирования у больных портальной гипертензией (ПГ) цирротического генеза, а также влияние ПСГ на развитие осложнений, свойственных ПГ, а именно кровотечения из варикозно расширенных вен пищевода и желудка, асцита, гепаторенального синдрома. Материал и методы. Операция выполнена 136 пациентам с осложненной портальной гипертензией, обусловленной циррозом печени. Хирургическую анатомию сосудистой системы печени и воротную гемодинамику изучали при КТ-спленопортографии, ангиографии воротной и печеночных вен, УЗИ с ЦДК системы воротной вены. Результаты операции оценивали с периодичностью в 3-6 мес. Результаты. Изучена ангиоархитектоника воротной вены и печеночных вен в контексте предстоящей операции. Разработан алгоритм создания внутрипеченочного портосистемного канала, имеющего заданное хирургом направление, что позволяет добиться оптимальных параметров гемодинамики в шунте. Установлено достоверное снижение давления в воротной вене и портосистемного венозного градиента после оперативного вмешательства. Учет анатомических особенностей сосудов печени при формировании внутрипеченочного шунта позволяет добиться стойкой и длительной портальной декомпрессии даже в условиях выраженного цирротического процесса. Заключение. Трансъюгулярное внутрипеченочное портосистемное шунтирование позволяет эффективно уменьшить давление в системе воротной вены, нормализовать показатели портосистемной гемодинамики и в значительной мере способствовать предотвращению осложнений, обусловленных портальной гипертензией.Клю че вые сло ва: портальная гипертензия, пищеводно-желудочные кровотечения, TIPS, эмболизация левой желудочной вены.
The aim of the work is to improve the results of the surgical treatment of congenital ovarian cysts in newborns. Material and methods. From 1982 to 2017, 147 newborns with simple ovarian cysts were treated at the clinic. The main diagnostic method was clinical - ultrasound. Two groups of patients were compared: with access according to Pfannenstiel incision and paraumbilical access. The technology of surgical intervention with paraumbilical access is described in detail. Results. In comparative studies, the benefits of parumbilical access are fully in line with the requirements of modern “open” pediatric surgery for the removal of ovarian cysts (OC) in newborns. There was noted a unique feature of the torsion of simple congenital OK: the emerging ischemia of the cysts leads only to the development of aseptic necrosis without purulent-inflammatory changes in the cyst itself and the adhesive process around. Conclusion. Para-umbilical access during surgical removal of OC may be an alternative to laparoscopic when the latter can not be used. Bearing in mind the torsion of most simple OC to occur in the antenatal period, as well as the asymptomatic course of the disease in the neonatal period, we consider it necessary to operate children with this pathology in the first 2 days after birth.
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