The current research was aimed at assessing the yield and grain quality of spring barley inoculated during sowing with microbiological fertilizers “Azotovit” and “Phosphatovit” on leached chernozem in the forest-steppe conditions of the Middle Volga region at a dose of 2 l/t. These microbiological fertilizers “Azotovit” and “Phosphatovit” used for seed inoculation had practically no effect on field germination and safety of spring barley. With the pre-sowing treatment of Azotovit seeds, the sparseness of crops averaged 11.1%, with the treatment of Phosphatovit seeds - 9.5%, and with the treatment of both Azotovit and Phosphatovit seeds amounted to 7.4% at 15.7% on control. The use of the fertilizers led to an increase in the productivity of spring barley seeds up to 3.25 t/ha. The highest grain yield was obtained with the combined use of “Azotovit” and “Phosphatovit”, where the yield was higher than in the control by 0.36 t/ha (12.3%). The number of seeds per 1 crop and the mass of seeds per 1 crop, with the combined use of “Azotovit” and “Phosphatovit”, on average over two years of research increased by 2.8 pcs and 0.108 g, relatively, compared with the control group. Grain quality indicators have improved. Treatment of seeds of spring barley before sowing with micronutrient fertilizers increased the weight of 1000 grains by 3.5 g in comparison with the control group; increased the grain size by 2.7-13.1 g/l. The smallest increase in the grain productivity was observed in the case with seed treatment before sowing “Azotovit” and “Phosphatovit” by 2.7 g/l and 3.9 g/l, relatively, and the greatest increase in the grain productivity was obtained in the case with the combined use of both fertilizers by 13.1 g/l. This indicates a positive effect from the use of microbiological fertilizers in the barley cultivation technology.

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В статье приведены результаты исследований по изучению влияния кремнийсодержащей породы (диатомита) и удобрений на агрофизические свойства чернозема выщелоченного и урожайность сельскохозяйственных культур. Как показали исследования, проведенные в 2015-2017 гг. в учебно-производственном центре ФГБОУ ВО Пензенский ГАУ (Пензенская область, Мокшанский район), за три года действия норм диатомита от 2 до 8 т/га количество водопрочных агрегатов на вариантах без удобрений изменялось незначительно, разница с исходными значениями составила от 1,1 до 2,6 . На фоне применения навоза с внесением разных норм диатомита наблюдали увеличение количества водопрочных агрегатов по сравнению с исходным значением на 13,6 на варианте без диатомита и на 20,9 на варианте с нормой диатомита 8 т/га. На фоне применения минеральных удобрений разница составила от 1,8 до 4,7 . Улучшая структурное состояние и оказывая разуплотняющее влияние на пахотный горизонт, применение диатомита и органических удобрений повышает урожайность сельскохозяйственных культур. Дозы диатомита от 2,0 до 8,0 т/га увеличивали урожайность культур на 8,9-18,4 . На фоне применения навоза в норме 48 т/га повышается урожайность первой культуры озимой пшеницы на 69,8-86,3 , урожайность второй и третьей культуры от 13,7 до 26,5 .The article presents the results of studies on the influence of siliceous rocks (diatomite) and fertilizers on the agrophysical properties of leached chernozem and crop yields. As shown by the studies conducted in 20152017 at the training and production center of the FSBEI HE Penza SAU (Mokshan district, Penza oblast), over the three years of application of diatomite at a rate from 2 to 8 t/ha, the number of waterresistant units in the variants without fertilizers had changed slightly, the difference compared to the initial values ranged from 1.1 to 2.6 . Against the background of the use of manure with the introduction of different doses of diatomite, an increase in the number of waterresistant aggregates was observed compared with the initial value by 13.6 in the variant without diatomite and by 20.9 in the variant with a diatomite at a rate of 8 t/ha. Against the background of the use of mineral fertilizers, the difference was from 1.8 to 4.7 . Improving the structural state and exerting a softening effect on the arable horizon, the use of diatomite and organic fertilizers increases the yield of crops. Doses of diatomite from 2.0 to 8.0 t/ha increased crop yields by 8.9-18.4 . Against the background of the use of manure at a rate of 48 t/ha, the yield of the first crop had increased. Winter wheat yield had increased by 69.886.3 . The yield of the second and third crops had increased from 13.7 to 26.5 .

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