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ematical model of blast-furnace smelting; substantial progess has since been made as a result of further research in this area (V. A. Dobroskok). Basic research has also been done on the preparation of iron ores and techniques of blast-furnace smelting (E. E Vegman and Yu. S. Yusfin). Under Prof. V. I. Yavoiskii, the Department of Steel Metallurgy has conducted broad-ranging investigations of the physico-chemical principles of steelmaking processes (A. E Vishkarev, A. G. Svyazhin) and has used the results to introduce technologies for the treatment of steel outside the furnace, the use of rare-earth elements (Yu. V. Kryakovskii), and the deoxidation and alloying of steel (V. R Luzgin). The Department of the Electrometallurgy of Steel and Ferroalloys, headed successively by Prof. L. M. Samarin and V. A. Grigoryan, has done work on the theory of the ultra-refining of steel (A. Ya. Stomakhin, Yu. I. Utochkin), the development of special metallurgical processes for steel (A. E Filippov, L. N. Belyanchikov), the production of complex-alloyed grades of steel (L. N. Kats), and the design of electric steelmaking furnaces (A. V. Egorov). The Department of Casting Technology, currently under the direction of Prof. L. Ya. Kozlov, has performed a very broad range of studies of the theoretical and practical aspects of casting ferrous and nonferrous metals: the production of foundry irons and hereditary properties of alloys (L. I. Levi); design of foundries (shops and factories) (L. I. Fantaiov); thermal principles of the theory of casting related to the formation of the structure of castings and defects in them (I. B. Kumanin). The Department was the first in the world to develop a technology for filtering alloys (A. V. Kurdyumov) and has constructed and substantiated a theory of the nonequilibrium crystallization of alloys (M. V. Pikunov).The scientists in the School have published texts and basic monographs, some of which have gone through several printings here and abroad. The laboratories of the special departments were thoroughly reequipped, with the first computer at the Institute having been installed in the Department of the Metallurgy of Ferrous Metals and Alloys (also known as the Department of Metallurgical Technologies, Conservation, and Ecology during the period 1967-1993). That computer was in fact used as the impetus for beginning computer classes in all of the School's departments.The School has had its current name since 1993. The name change was not just a pretext or a bow to fashion. The advent of a market economy in Russia in the last few years has created a need for new specialties. The School has responded quickly and organized classes in new fields, significantly altering the course plans and adding a large number of new courses.

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