Maillard reaction (MR) is a non-enzymatic browning reaction commonly seen in food processing, which occurs between reducing sugars and compounds with amino groups. Despite certain advantages based on Maillard reaction products (MRPs) found in some food for health and storage application have appeared, however, the MR occurring in human physiological environment can produce advanced glycation end products (AGEs) by non-enzymatic modifi cation of macromolecules such as proteins, lipids and nucleic acid, which could change the structure and functional activity of the molecules themselves. In this review, we take AGEs as our main object, on the one hand, discuss physiologic aging, that is, age-dependent covalent cross-linking and modifi cation of proteins such as collagen that occur in eyes and skin containing connective tissue. On the other hand, pathological aging associated with autoimmune and infl ammatory diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes and diabetic nephropathy, cardiovascular diseases and bone degenerative diseases have been mainly proposed. Based on the series of adverse effects of accelerated aging and disease pathologies caused by MRPs, the possible harm caused by some MR can be slowed down or inhibited by artifi cial drug intervention, dietary pattern and lifestyle control. It also stimulates people's curiosity to continue to explore the potential link between the MR and human aging and health, which should be paid more attention to for the development of life sciences.

Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are a group of heterogeneous compounds formed during Maillard Reaction (MR) and have been proven to be detrimental to human health. In addition to thermally processed...

(-)-Spirobrassinin, a glucosinolate compound from Brassicaceae plants, has shown inhibitory effects on weeds. However, its specific target sites are not well explored. This study used molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, and biological experiments to investigate (-)-Spirobrassinin’s target sites. The inhibitory effects of (-)-Spirobrassinin were observed on various enzymes crucial for plant metabolic pathways, including dihydroxyacid dehydrogenase, 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase, protoporphyrinogen oxidase, and acetolactate synthase. Additionally, it disrupts the metabolism of vital phytohormones, namely abscisic acid and gibberellin. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed stable interactions between (-)-Spirobrassinin and specific residues (Phe270 and Phe261) of the photosystem II D1, involving electrostatic, hydrophobic, and van der Waals forces. This study provides valuable insights into (-)-Spirobrassinin’s mode of action, highlighting its potential as a natural herbicide from Brassicaceae plants.

Brassica oleracea L. has strong allelopathic effects on weeds. However, the allelochemicals with herbicidal activity in B. oleracea L. are still unknown. In this study, we evaluated the activity of allelochemicals isolated from Brassica oleracea L. based on the germination and growth of model plant Lactuca sativa Linn., grass weed Panicum miliaceum, and broadleaf weed Chenopodium album. Additionally, we employed molecular docking to predict the binding of brassicanate A sulfoxide to herbicide targets. The results of this study showed that eight compounds with herbicidal activity were isolated from B. oleracea L., and the predicted results indicated that brassicanate A sulfoxide was stably bound to dihydroxyacid dehydratase, hydroxymethylpyruvate dioxygenase, acetolactate synthase, PYL family proteins and transport inhibitor response 1. This research provides compound sources and a theoretical foundation for the development of natural herbicides.