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Rural farmers face different challenges from climate change and weather variability, which have threatened crop production and productivity. Small-scale farmers try to cope with the prevailing situations by adjusting to different mechanisms, including adopting irrigation services. This study seeks to determine factors influencing rice farmers' decision to adopt irrigation technology and determine the significant contribution of irrigation to rice yields in the Mbeya Region of Tanzania. Data was collected through structured questionnaires, interviews, and focus discussions. Descriptive statistics, Logistic regression, and Ordinary Least Square regression by Stata software performed data analyses. The descriptive statistics characterized households' socio-demographic and economic characteristics. Logistic regression results affirmed that households' education, labor size, meteorological information, access to financial services, extension services, and previous farm outputs significantly influenced irrigation adoption by farmers. Ordinary Least Square regression results confirmed that irrigation significantly contributed to rice yield at P>0.05 level. The study recommends adopting irrigation technology in Tanzania as a coping strategy for the negative impact of climate change and weather variations.

-Archaeotremaria polytremata Yu from the Lower Cambrian Maidiping Member of the Hongchunping Formation of Sichuan, China, was originally described as a primitive monoplacophoran. A restudy of the holotype and paratype has led to a reconsideration of its systematic position. A. polytremata has a patelliform shell with a series of median-dorsal tremata extending from the apex to the anterior margin and periodic rugae. The species is now reassigned to the Gastropoda, rather than Monoplacophora.

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South Africa orange exporters have for a long time enjoyed a sizeable market share in many parts of the world. A large portion of that sizeable market share can be located in the European countries then followed by fast developing countries in Asia. This market share can be associated with a declining South African currency compared to the values of these major currencies. On the other hand a number of trade agreements that have been reached by South Africa and these countries over the years have also contributed handsomely in the mentioned market share. Furthermore, diets of consumers in these countries have as well contributed in the conquered market share. Although a number of studies have been conducted on the subject of South Africa's declining currency and the established trade agreements on products with mixed magnitudes in influencing trade flows, further research is needed for a better understanding on the trade determinants patterns in specific products. This paper focuses on the determinants of South Africa's orange trade in the top European and Asian importing countries. In order to understand these trade determinants, gravity model has been applied to identify and analyze significant factors encouraging or discouraging the quantities/volumes of oranges exported to the above mentioned countries. Findings have shown that over the reviewed period, South Africa's orange exports to the European market have been consistence, while exports to Asian market started slow and gradually increased over the years. Gravity model estimated coefficients also showed expected signs.