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Background: Many drugs for anti-tumour have been developed, nevertheless, seeking new anticancer drug is the focus of ongoing investigation. Withanolides have been reported to possess potent antiproliferative activity. Literature findings revealed that a diversity of withanolides were obtained from Physalis peruviana, however, the antitumor activity of these bioactive compounds is still unclear. Methods: The EtOAc fraction of P. peruviana were decolorized on Middle Chromatogram Isolated (MCI) Gel column, repeatedly subjected to column chromatography (CC) over sephadex LH-20, preparative High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and silica gel to afford compounds. Their chemical structures of the new isolates were elucidated through analyzing spectroscopic and HRESIMS data. All these obtained metabolites were appraised for their potential antiproliferative activity against the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 by MTT assay, and in vitro antibacterial activity of the isolated compounds (1–7) were evaluated against E. coli, B. cereus and S. aureus. Results: Four new withanolides, including one withaphysalin-type withanolide (peruranolide A, 1), two 13,14-seco-withaphysalins (peruranolides B–C, 2–3), as well as one normal withanolide (peruranolide D, 4), were purified and separated from P. peruviana L.. Compound 5 was discovered to exhibit potent cytotoxic effect with an IC50 value of 3.51 μM. In vitro antibacterial activities, compounds 1–7 had no obvious inhibitory activity against E. coli, but had moderate inhibitory activities against B. cereus and S. aureus. Conclusions: Our findings might offer valuable clues for the utilization of withanolides as lead compounds for antineoplastic or antibacterial drug development.

Cajaninstilbene acid (CSA), Longistylin A (LLA) and Longistylin C (LLC) are three characteristic stilbenes isolated from pigeon pea, exhibiting antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus and even methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The results showed that LLA had the highest antibacterial activity against the tested strains following by LLC and CSA. Besides, the results implied that these stilbenes effectively inhibited the levels of adhesion and virulence genes and downregulate the production of ɑ-hemolysin. This study showed that stilbenes from pigeon pea have anti-Staphylococcus potential, and they also inhibited bacterial proliferation, biofilm formation, and key gene expressions related to adhesion and virulence of MRSA. It is the first time that the anti-S. aureus and MRSA activities of the three stilbenes has been systematically reported. These current findings provide insight into the anti-MRSA mechanism of stilbenes from pigeon pea, indicating these compounds may be used as antimicrobial agents or additives for food with health functions, and contribute to the development as well as application of pigeon pea in food science.

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