Aldehydes are key aroma contributors of citrus essential oils. White Guanxi honey pummelo essential oil (WPEO) was investigated in its aldehyde constituents and their transformations induced by UV irradiation and air exposure by GC-MS, GC-O, and sensory evaluation. Nine aldehydes, i.e., octanal, nonanal, citronellal, decanal, trans-citral, cis-citral, perilla aldehyde, dodecanal, and dodecenal, were detected in WPEO. After treatment, the content of citronellal increased, but the concentrations of other aldehydes decreased. The aliphatic aldehydes were transformed to organic acids. Citral was transformed to neric acid, geranic acid, and cyclocitral. Aldehyde transformation caused a remarkable decrease in the minty, herbaceous, and lemon notes of WPEO. In fresh WPEO, β-myrcene, d-limonene, octanal, decanal, cis-citral, trans-citral, and dodecenal had the highest odor dilution folds. After the treatment, the dilution folds of decanal, cis-citral, trans-citral, and dodecenal decreased dramatically. This result provides information for the production and storage of aldehyde-containing products.

The extraction of pectin from pomelo peel was optimized to maximize pectin yield Y in this study. A central composite design of response surface methodology involving extracting time, extracting temperature, liquid-solid ratio and pH was used, and second-order model for Y was employed to generate the response surfaces. The optimum condition for Y was determined as follows: extracting time 1h, extracting temperature 95 °C, liquid-solid ratio 25, pH 1. Under the optimum condition, the pectin yield was 20.98%.

Background: Histological chorioamnionitis (HCA) is a serious threat to fetal health during pregnancy, which is not easily detected due to the lack of clinical symptoms, and there is still a lack of effective predictors and diagnostic indicators. Heparin-binding protein (HBP), an antimicrobial protein secreted by neutrophils, is highly valuable in predicting a variety of infectious diseases and is expected to be an effective predictor of histological chorioamnionitis.Methods: A total of 100 full-term healthy pregnant women delivered by cesarean section (control group) and 51 randomly enrolled pregnant women (pathology group) were included in this study. Amniotic fluid was extracted at delivery for HBP concentration, and postpartum placental pathology was performed in the pathology group to clarify the diagnosis of HCA. The predictive value of HBP in amniotic fluid for HCA was determined by establishing the reference interval for HBP in normal population and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.Results: The 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for HBP concentration in the amniotic fluid of normal pregnant women was 0- 87.08 ng/ml, with a median of 6.41 ng/ml; HBP concentration in the amniotic fluid of pregnant women with HCA was significantly higher than that of controls (P < 0.001) and non-HCA pregnant women (P < 0.001). The ROC curve showed that when the cut-off value of HBP in amniotic fluid was 82.67 ng/ml, the corresponding sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and area under the curve (AUC) were 84.20%, 96.90%, 94.12%, 91.18% and 0.86 (P < 0.001, 95% CI 0.715-1.000), respectively. Discussion: HBP in amniotic fluid is a potential, good predictor of HCA. We will further to explore its clinical application value.

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