The thermodynamic temperature of the point of inflection of the melting transition of Re-C, Pt-C and Co-C eutectics has been determined to be 2747.84 ± 0.35 K, 2011.43 ± 0.18 K and 1597.39 ± 0.13 K, respectively, and the thermodynamic temperature of the freezing transition of Cu has been determined to be 1357.80 ± 0.08 K, where the ± symbol represents 95% coverage. These results are the best consensus estimates obtained from measurements made using various spectroradiometric primary thermometry techniques by nine different national metrology institutes. The good agreement between the institutes suggests that spectroradiometric thermometry techniques are sufficiently mature (at least in those institutes) to allow the direct realization of thermodynamic temperature above 1234 K (rather than the use of a temperature scale) and that metal-carbon eutectics can be used as high-temperature fixed points for thermodynamic temperature dissemination. The results directly support the developing mise en pratique for the definition of the kelvin to include direct measurement of thermodynamic temperature.

The eutectic alloys rhenium-carbon, platinum-carbon and cobalt-carbon have been proposed as reference standards for thermometry, with temperature and uncertainty values specified within the mise en pratique of the definition of the kelvin. These alloys have been investigated in a collaboration of eleven national measurement institutes and laboratories. Published results reported the point-of-inflection in the melting curve with extremely low uncertainties. However, to be considered as standards it is necessary to stipulate what phenomenon a temperature value has been ascribed to; specifically, this should be a thermodynamic state. Therefore, the data have been further evaluated and the equilibrium liquidus temperatures determined based on a consideration of limits and assuming a rectangular probability distribution. The values are: for rhenium-carbon 2747.91 ± 0.44 K, for platinum-carbon 2011.50 ± 0.22 K and for cobalt-carbon 1597.48 ± 0.14 K, with uncertainties at approximately a 95% coverage probability. It is proposed that these values could be used as Metrologia

We investigated the nanoionics-based neuromorphic function of Pt/Ti0.96Co0.04O2-δ/Pt multilayer with cross-point structure prepared by RF magnetron sputtering. This multilayer exhibits the electro-ion mixed conduction and the nonlinear current-voltage characteristic based on the Schottky barrier between Pt and Ti0.96Co0.04O2-δ layers. When the low electrical pulse of 0.8 V was applied with short interval time of 14 s, the current modulation corresponding to the long-term memorization (LTM) was observed, though the current response at the long interval time of 80 s was the short-term memorization (STM). The O 1s photoemission spectrum showed the OH- peak that contributes to the electron-ion mixed conduction. The current responses with both LTM and STM are considered to be due to the local proton migration at near the Schottky barrier.

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